What are the differences between quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing?
Now that you have a sense of a working (or tentative) structure of your essay, you’ll want to develop your essay further by choosing the order of your ideas, adding reasoning, observations, details, and examples to support your statements.
You’ll also want to consider what resonating lines you’ll want to quote (and paraphrase and/or summarize if more appropriate) from the work you’re analyzing.
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Quoting, Paraphrasing, Summarizing
What are the differences between quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing?
According to one writing centerLinks to an external site.,
Quoting, paraphrasing and summarizing are similar in that they allow a writer to incorporate another writer’s work into his or her own work. However, they are different in the methods of application.
Quotations are identical in every way from the original. You use a section from the original source document and follow it word for word in quotation marks (” “). After the quote, there will always be an in-text citation attributing it to the original source.
Paraphrasing is when you put a passage from the original source material into your own words. As with a quotation, you must do an in-text citation attributing the information back to the original source at the end of the paraphrased section. Paraphrasing usually means the section is shorter than the original passage because it is condensed.
Summarizing is when the main ideas [of the entire piece, not just a passage] are put into your own words. This means that the main points of the information you are using are reworked into your own words, but the rest of it is left out. As the other two, this information also needs to be cited at the end.
How can you use these techniques to give proper credit to the original source material and to avoid plagiarism?
To use paraphrasing, quoting and summaries, make sure that you always cite the information in-text. You can find information on this in MLA, APA, or Chicago Style pages depending on the citation style you’re using. If you’re using a quotation, keep it short and sweet, and always explain why you used it afterwards. Quoting should only be done sparingly in order to show your professor and audience that you have your own ideas.
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The Importance of Clear Signal Phrases for Flow in Your Sentences
Here are additional points about quoting that are important to practice not just in your formal essays but in your less formal writing for discussions.
Whenever you’re quoting, it’s crucial for readability (a clear flow in the ideas your sentences contain) that you don’t simply drop your quotation into the middle of your paragraph but instead use a signal phrase. A signal phrase is your own wording that signals the arrival and significance of that quoted language, usually precedes the quoted language, and is connected with the quoted language to make one grammatical sentence.
Here’s an example of a sentence that needs to be revised for clearer expression and grammatical signal phrasing:
Sue and Diana quote, “Mindfulness is the antidote to the dullness and disconnection of life lived in automatic pilot.”(Sue, Diana 7), stood out because it is providing you with a fix to that.
Here’s an example of that sentence revised for clearer expression and grammatical signal phrasing:
As the authors of Fully Present assert, “Mindfulness is the antidote to the dullness and disconnection of life lived in automatic pilot” (Smalley and Winston 7). Their point resonated as one possible way to fix an unhappy life.
Note, also, that the quotation is followed by in-text citation (parentheses containing author last name and page number where quotation came from). In MLA Style, all quotations and paraphrased sentences are followed by in-text citations.
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Writing Task
Post 1-2 coherently developed paragraphs from any part of your draft–but not the same as what you posted in assignment 6.4–containing the following:
your own clear signal phrase connecting grammatically with each quotation
quoted language from your chosen text(s) (your Works Cited) exactly as appears in original between quotation marks
in-text citation citation after each quotation [Example: (Roethke)] if author isn’t mentioned in your signal phrase
follow up sentences that explain the significance of the quotation and develop the rest of your paragraph in a way that makes sense
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Requirements: Whatever instructions says
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