Explain who you believe would be affected most by the changes to Article IX and X and describe what you think would be the long-term consequences of these changes?
Discussion Question #1: The Original Text of Articles IX and X of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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Read Notes: The Original Text of Articles IX and X of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
First, before you answer the question, it is important to remember that in 1848 all the senators were rich white men which were predominantly Protestants and slave owners. Question: Explain who you believe would be affected most by the changes to Article IX and X and describe what you think would be the long-term consequences of these changes?
Answer the question in a paragraph or two with details and examples to justify your response. A paragraph should be five sentences.
Requirements: Not long not short
1 Chicana/o Studies 08 Fall 2023 Unit I: Treaties Articles IX and X from the original version of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo The Original Text of Articles IX and X of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Please read the entire Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (A copy is posted on your notes in this module) which includes all twenty-three articles. The following is an example of two of these treaty articles. Below I have included two versions of Articles IX and X. The first set of Article IX and X were written in Mexico at the end of hostilities between Mexico and the United States. The original treaty was written by representatives of the U.S. and Mexico and signed in the Basilica de Guadalupe Hidalgo on February 2, 1848. Once signed, it traveled to Washington DC to be read and ratified by Congress. Unfortunately, many American Senators did not agree with the original writing found in the treaty, so they made changes to two of the articles. The revised treaty was taken to back to the Mexican Capital. The Mexican Capital was temporarily moved from Mexico City to the City of Querétaro. The second set of Article IX and X was how the treaty looked after the changes were made. On May 26, 1848, a document called the Protocol of Querétaro, in which the amendments to the original treaty were explained to Mexico, was signed by U.S. envoys Nathan Clifford and Ambrose Sevier and Mexican foreign minister Luis de la Rosa. On May 30th, ratifications of the amended treaty were exchanged in Mexico. On July 4th, President Polk proclaimed the treaty to the people of the United States. Thus was the U.S.-Mexican War formally concluded. By early August, U.S. troops had been completely withdrawn from Mexico.
2 Treaty signed at Guadalupe Hidalgo on February 2, 1848. Article IX Mexicans who, in the territories aforesaid, shall not preserve the character of citizens of the Mexican Republic, conformably with what is stipulated in the preceding Article, shall be incorporated into the Union of the United States, and admitted as soon as possible, according to the principles of the Federal Constitution, to the enjoyment of all the rights of citizens of the United States. In the mean time, they shall be maintained and protected in the enjoyment of their liberty, their property, and the civil rights now vested in them according to the Mexican laws. With respect to political rights, their condition shall be on an equality with that of the inhabitants of the other territories of the United States; and at least equally good as that of the inhabitants of Louisiana and the Floridas, when these provinces, by transfer from the French Republic and the Crown of Spain, became territories of the United States. The same most ample guaranty shall be enjoyed by all ecclesiastics and religious corporations or communities, as well in the discharge of the offices of their ministry, as in the enjoyment of their property of every kind, whether individual or corporate. This guaranty shall embrace all temples, houses and edifices dedicated to the Roman Catholic worship; as well as all property destined to it’s [sic] support, or to that of schools, hospitals and other foundations for charitable or beneficent purposes. No property of this nature shall be considered as having become the property of the American Government, or as subject to be, by it, disposed of or diverted to other uses. Finally, the relations and communication between the Catholics living in the territories aforesaid, and their respective ecclesiastical authorities, shall be open, free and exempt from all hindrance whatever, even although such authorities should reside within the limits of the Mexican Republic, as defined by this treaty; and this freedom shall continue, so long as a new demarcation of ecclesiastical districts shall not have been made, conformably with the laws of the Roman Catholic Church. Article X All grants of land made by the Mexican Government or by the competent authorities, in territories previously appertaining to Mexico, and remaining for the future within the limits of the United States, shall be respected as valid, to the same extent that the same grants would be valid, if the said territories had remained within the limits of Mexico. But the grantees of lands in Texas, put in possession thereof, who, by reason of the circumstances of the country since the beginning of the troubles between Texas and the Mexican Government, may have been prevented from fulfilling all the conditions of their grants, shall be under the obligation to fulfill the said conditions of their grants, shall be under the obligation to fulfill the said conditions within the periods limited in the same respectively; such periods to be now counted from the date of the exchange of ratifications of this treaty: in default of which the said grants shall not be obligatory upon the State of Texas, in virtue of the stipulations contained in this Article. The foregoing stipulation in regard to grantees of land in Texas, is extended to all grantees of land in the territories afore said, elsewhere than in Texas, put in possession under such grants; and, in default of the fulfillment of the conditions of any such grant, within the new
3 period, which, as in above stipulated, begins with the day of the exchange of ratifications of this treaty, the same shall be null and void. The Protocol of Querétaro signed on May 26, 1848 Article IX The Mexicans who, in the territories aforesaid, shall not preserve the character of citizens of the Mexican Republic, conformably with what is stipulated in the preceding article, shall be incorporated into the Union of the United States and be admitted, at the proper time (to be judged of by the Congress of the United States) to the enjoyment of all the rights of citizens of the United States according to the principles of the Constitution; and in the mean time shall be maintained and protected in the free enjoyment of their liberty and property, and secured in the free exercise of their religion without restriction. Article X Stricken out by U.S. Senate.
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