Discuss the history of Cognitive Therapy and how it is useful in the treatment of psychological disorders according to the research.
Based on your research in Part 1, Part 2 and Part 3, write a summary of psychological disorders and Treatment Option by addressing the following
Discuss the history of Cognitive Therapy and how it is useful in the treatment of psychological disorders according to the research. Use scholarly and authoritative sources to support the response.
Discuss in detail the three psychological disorders selected in Part 1 – Select Psychological Disorders. Use scholarly and authoritative sources to support the response.
Evaluate the possible causes of the disorders. Use scholarly and authoritative sources to support the response.
Write a proposed treatment plan for three imaginary clients, each with one of the disorders identified in Part 1 – Select Psychological Disorders. Address the following in the treatment plan:
Problem/Symptom
Long Term Goal
Short Term Goals/Objectives
Intervention/Actions
Faith, cultural ethical considerations regarding the proposed plan
Are there any cultural considerations that may influence what the proposed treatment plan may be?
What role does ethics play in informing the decision-making process for the proposed treatment plan?
How might your faith inform what you have proposed for the treatment plan?
Support your response with scripture
Submit your assignment by following the instructions below before the deadline.
REQUIREMENTS
Citation Requirements: : 3-5 scholarly sources
Word Count: 1250 – 1500
APA Formatting
Plagiarism Submission
Summary of psychological disorders and Treatment Option
Discussion of the history of Cognitive Therapy and how it is useful in the treatment of psychological disorders.
Discussion of the three psychological disorders selected in Part 1 – Select Psychological Disorders.
Evaluation of the possible causes of the disorders.
Discussion of the proposed treatment plans for each disorder
Problem/Symptom
Long Term Goal
Short Term Goals/Objectives
Intervention/Actions
Faith, cultural ethical considerations
Requirements: 1500 words
Psychological Disorders and Treatment Options | Part 1
ALI ALROBIA
Los Angeles Pacific University
Professor : Wayne Norman
Due Date: July 10th 2023
PSYC 330 Cognition (010) SU2 2023
Schizophrenia
(DSM) provides information about Schizophrenia under the category “Schizophrenia Spectrum and other psychotic disorders” to be diagnosed with Schizophrenia, the patient must have at least two out of a list of symptoms for a long duration of time during a one-month period. These symptoms include Hallucinations, extreme disorganized or catatonic behavior, delusions and negative symptoms such as diminished emotional expression or avolition. The symptoms of Schizophrenia must disturb the person’s ability to function in social, work, and living environment.
Despite the (DSM) accuracy in describing mental disorders. The healthcare professional must put the client’s history, symptoms, and clinical observation into consideration before diagnosing the patient. Having a family history with Schizophrenia can potentially play a role in the risk of Developing the mental disorder, however genetic roles alone are not sufficient to diagnose someone with Schizophrenia. Other factors that contribute to the development of Schizophrenia are environmental, neurodevelopmental, psychosocial, and Neurochemical. We can see how complicated this disorder is and how many factors can interplay to cause this disorder.
Major Depressive Disorder
For a measurable Diagnosis of a Major Depressive Disorder, five or more symptoms must be present in a two week period, these symptoms are : Extreme depressed mood or loss of interest or life pleasures, Significant change in appetite such as weight loss or gain, Insomnia or hypersomnia, fatigue, feeling excessive guilt or worthlessness, low cognitive ability in thinking, concentrating, and decision making, psychomotor retardation or agitation, suicidal and death related thoughts. The following symptoms must be present throughout the day and almost every day for the minimum period of two weeks. These symptoms should not be justified by another mental disorder, for example bereavement, peripartum onset, or seasonal affective disorder. Although if such conditions last for a long duration, they can be classified as Major Depressive symptoms. Additionally, DSM-5 provides a severity criterion that can be followed to diagnose the severity of each symptom and how it affects the function of daily life. Personal, biological, genetic, cognitive, and environmental factors all play a role in developing this disorder.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
To be diagnosed with (GAD) the client must be experiencing excessive anxiety about various life activities and topics most of their days for at least 6 months. This anxiety caused worries are extremely hard to control and should be accompanied by three or more of the following symptoms: Irritability, concentrating difficulty, muscle tension, sleep disturbances, being easily fatigued, feeling keyed up or on edge. Anxiety and worry are not limited to objects or subjects rather than an extended and wide range of life situations. The anxiety should be causing significant distress in social, work, and living situations. These symptoms must occur continuously for at least 6 months. This disorder can require extra information about onset childhood/ adulthood to be able to specify the duration of the illness. Just like the previously mentioned mental illnesses, (GAD) can be caused by genetical, Neurobiological, Environmental, Cognitive, and Temperamental Factors
References
Park, S. C., & Kim, Y. K. (2020). Anxiety Disorders in the DSM-5: changes, controversies, and future directions. Anxiety Disorders: Rethinking and Understanding Recent Discoveries, 187-196.
Uher, R., Payne, J. L., Pavlova, B., & Perlis, R. H. (2014). Major depressive disorder in DSM‐5: Implications for clinical practice and research of changes from DSM‐IV. Depression and anxiety, 31(6), 459-471.
Tandon, R., Gaebel, W., Barch, D. M., Bustillo, J., Gur, R. E., Heckers, S., … & Carpenter, W. (2013). Definition and description of schizophrenia in the DSM-5. Schizophrenia research, 150(1), 3-10.
Psychological Disorders and Treatment Options | Part 2
ALI ALROBIA
Los Angeles Pacific University
Professor: Wayne Norman
Due Date: July 17th 2023
PSYC 330 Cognition (010) SU2 2023
Introduction
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) was developed by Albert Ellis who’s a psychologist from the 1950’s. his concept of REBT was bases on the idea that our behaviors, emotions, and thoughts are all connected, and by identifying and questioning unreasonable beliefs we can enhance the emotional responses and stabilize or improve our psychological health.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy and Schizophrenia
While REBT can be used to treat a variety of mental disorders, the practical usage of REBT to treat Schizophrenia is quite limited. Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder that involves symptoms such as vivid hallucinations, disorganized thinking, delusions, and social isolation. It usually requires a extensive treatment that may involve psychotherapy, medications, and social rehabilitation. With that being said, REBT can be taken advantage of by using it as an accompanying therapy for patients diagnosed with Schizophrenia to point out specific struggles related to their emotional health and coping skills. REBT principles can be applied in Identifying irrational thoughts and beliefs that may cause emotional distress and eliminate or change these beliefs. Cognitive distortion related to self-perception or symptoms is something that patients diagnosed with Schizophrenia experience. By examining this cognitive distortion about oneself we can replace these thoughts with more rationally adaptable ones we can reduce the stress and improve the overall functionality of the patient. In addition, REBT techniques can help individuals develop healthier actions to cope with such stressful emotions. REBT also enhances problem solving skills and can be beneficial with Schizophrenia patients by focusing on practical solutions and taking active steps. Overall patients can use REBT to enhance their life.
REBT and Major Depressive Disorder
REBT can help people diagnosed with MDD to understand the correlation between their thoughts, emotions and their behavior better to take practical measures to influence their behavior in a healthier way. REBT can also help MDD patients by assisting in managing their emotional regulation. This involves recognizing and organizing beliefs that create emotional distress and learning healthier coping mechanisms. Developing emotional resilience and healthy adaptive pathways of dealing with negative emotions. Cognitive restructuring also helps MDD patients change their thinking patterns by examining evidence and logic-based reasoning. Through this process MDD patients can filter out negative thoughts and replace them with healthier more realistic ones. Introducing more balanced perspectives can aid in reducing depressive symptoms. REBT also emphasizes the significance of taking practical steps and engaging in activities that upgrade the persons sense of wellbeing and accomplishment. Numerous studies have shown the reduction in depressive symptoms and overall improvement with MDD patients.
REBT and Generalized Anxiety Disorder
GAD treatment using REBT can be very effective and beneficial as it helps the patient to develop a technique that challenges his anxiety related thoughts and pushes the patient to reduce anxiety symptoms such as catastrophic thinking. Gradual exposure techniques can be used to assist the patient in gaining courage and confidence to confront their fears and anxiety in a systematic and controlled manner. Involving exposure therapy can help to recognize triggering situations and assist the patient in dealing with such triggers.
References
Cristea, I. A., Stefan, S., David, O., Mogoase, C., & Dobrean, A. (2015). REBT in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adults. Springer.
Cândea, D., Stefan, S., Matu, S., Mogoase, C., Iftene, F., David, D., & Szentagotai, A. (2018). REBT in the Treatment of Subclinical and Clinical Depression. Springer International Publishing.
Trower, P. (2003). Theoretical developments in REBT as applied to schizophrenia. Rational emotive behaviour therapy: Theoretical developments, 228-246.
Psychological Disorders and Treatment Options | Part 3
ALI ALROBIA
Los Angeles Pacific University
Professor: Wayne Norman
Due Date: July 23rd, 2023
PSYC 330 Cognition (010) SU2 2023
Introduction
A very effective psychotherapeutic approach that has been approved to treat various mental health conditions is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. CBT can also be used as an addition to an already existent treatment plan to help clients manage their symptoms and improve their overall mental health quality.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Schizophrenia
While CBT can be used to treat a variety of mental disorders, Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder that usually requires antipsychotic medications. CBT can be an adjunctive therapy that can help in reducing / managing the patient’s symptoms and improve their mental wellbeing. While one of the main symptoms of schizophrenia is the appearance of delusions and hallucinations. CBT can help individuals to identify these false and irrational perceptions, which promotes a better understanding of the client’s experience. Clients can also be educated on the disorder and its triggers/symptoms through psychoeducation. Understanding the illness can help the client and his family to overcome challenges that face them through their healing journey. Another benefit of CBT is that it can teach clients how to adapt to their symptoms and create coping strategies to manage distressing symptoms and situations in their lives. Those coping strategies can include but are not limited to : problem solving skills, relaxation techniques, and cognitive restructuring.
CBT and Major Depressive Disorder
CBT can help people diagnosed with MDD in identifying and changing negative thought patterns that are common in MDD clients. CBT helps individuals become more self-aware of these harmful thinking patterns which usually come in the shape of pessimism, self-criticism, and hopelessness feelings. These thoughts often contribute to the feelings of depression. By recognizing these thoughts through CBT, the client is going to replace them with more balanced and realistic thinking patterns. CBT can also involve self-exploration in order to change deep planted negative beliefs about oneself, others, and the world around them. By challenging and modifying some of these harmful/ pessimistic core beliefs the client can experience a long-term relief and change in their emotional responses and thinking patterns. Finally, CBT can help clients prevent a mental relapse. By developing strategies to recognize early signs of depression, and by creating a support network to contact in time of difficulty.
CBT and Generalized Anxiety Disorder
CBT is known to be one of the most effective treatments for Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). It’s a goal-oriented form of therapy that focuses on identifying and modifying negative behaviors and thought patterns that lead to anxiety. The initial stages of treating anxiety with CBT involve identifying and challenging anxiety and irrational causing thoughts. These thoughts usually involve overestimating threats or underestimating the ability to cope with uncertainty. Replacing such thoughts with more balanced and realistic ones can reduce the client’s anxiety level or intensity. Some clients that show symptoms of avoidance of behavior can use CBT to create exposure exercises. Controlled and gradual expose to an anxiety causing situations can help the client to confront their fears and learn that anxiety decreases over time without having to typically avoid the situations causing it.
References
Turkington, D., Dudley, R., Warman, D. M., & Beck, A. T. (2006). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for schizophrenia: a review. Focus, 10(2), 5-233.
Stefan, S., Cristea, I. A., Szentagotai Tatar, A., & David, D. (2019). Cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) for generalized anxiety disorder: Contrasting various CBT approaches in a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 75(7), 1188-1202.
Zhang, Z., Zhang, L., Zhang, G., Jin, J., & Zheng, Z. (2018). The effect of CBT and its modifications for relapse prevention in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC psychiatry, 18, 1-14.
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