You always provide very insightful research, and I enjoyed reading your post this week. I have a question about the statement; ‘Humans have normalized the classif
You always provide very insightful research, and I enjoyed reading your post this week. I have a question about the statement; "Humans have normalized the classifications we use to define ourselves". Are the classifications self-imposed or externally imposed? What are your thoughts based on the research listed below and what the Robbers Cave experiment found?
The Robbers Cave experiment showed that hostility can arise between two groups in conflict and competition for scarce resources. Even if, Sheriff's primary objective in conducting the Robber Cave Experiment was to investigate how members of a particular social group interact and evolve. Has the world or this country over the last ten years resurfaced and shown its head on the purpose or outcome of this experiment, or are we born with this trait, or are we all members of both intergroups and intragroup? An easy way to define intergroup conflict is to think about intergroup conflict vs. intragroup conflict: intergroup conflict is two teams fighting against each other, whereas intragroup conflict is two or more members of the same team fighting each other. I wanted to share some research I found when I went back to research this experiment a little deeper.
Racial resentment of whites toward blacks measured in this manner appears to be less prevalent among younger people (Nteta & Greenlee 2013, Maxwell & Schulte 2018). However, its prevalence or relevance to political attitudes and behavior in society has not declined. Racial resentment appears to play a larger role in public opinion in the era of the first black president, Obama, and the racially inflammatory rhetoric of the Trump campaign and administration. Even before Obama became a presidential contender, there were signs that racial resentment was becoming more, not less, relevant for predicting votes among whites in the South (Knuckey 2017). Racial resentment appears to have exerted a weaker effect on approval of Obama in 2012 than in 2009 (Pasek et al. 2014, p. 288), but levels of racial resentment among whites against blacks did not decline between 2008 and 2012 (Pasek et al. 2014, p. 291). So, based on this research, are the classifications normal or intrawoven into the fabric of the intergroup definition which then carries over into the intragroup conflict?
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Findings from the Robber's Cave experiment revealed that efforts to bring together diametrically opposed groups are insufficient for reducing prejudice between different groups. Instead, the results of this experiment demonstrated that diverse groups must work together to attain a common objective in order to establish peace effectively. The Robbers Cave experiment was a well-known psychological study that investigated the causes of conflict between different groups. The study was conducted at a summer camp for boys, where the participants were divided into two groups and their interactions with one another were observed. To reduce internal conflict, they considered both effective and ineffective methods. In the 1940s and 1950s, social psychologist Muzafer Sherif and his colleagues conducted several investigations, one of which was known as the Robbers Cave experiment.
Two groups of twelve-year-old Oklahoman boys served as the experiment's primary characters. The boys were separated into two divisions at their school for the duration of the experiment, which led to the development of group attachment and culture (Sherif, Harvey; White, B. Jack; Sherif, Carolyn; 1954/1961). Nevertheless, when rivalry emerged, such as during a football tournament, it was evident that the two groups frequently clashed. In order to establish an unequal environment, the sheriff intended for one squad to receive more favors than the other. For example, one team felt alone because it arrived at the picnic later than the other.
The Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that reconciling diametrically opposed groups is ineffective in reducing intergroup prejudice. Instead, the results of this experiment demonstrated that diverse groups must work together to attain a common objective in order to establish peace effectively. Therefore, while interaction between groups is necessary for the reduction of intergroup tensions, interdependence is necessary for the development of long-lasting intergroup harmony. His study is notable due to its status as a classic in social psychology and its implications for reducing conflict within genuine social organizations. This research has important implications for a number of prominent social psychology theories, including the social identity theory and the realistic conflict theory.
According to Cohen and Inko, intergroup conflicts can arise from a variety of diverse situations. This is due to the fact that members of different groups frequently hold divergent ideological and cultural perspectives, which inevitably lead to conflicts. Therefore, a coordinated action mechanism should be one way to reduce intergroup conflict (Cohen & Insko, 2008). Second, this can be achieved by establishing a neutral leadership position. Ultimately, in order to avoid conflicts, it is necessary for individuals to increase their outgroup empathy, which promotes harmonious coexistence with members of other groups.
We can apply the information garnered from Sherif's (1956) and Insko's (2008) research to our everyday existence. Humans have normalized the classifications we use to define ourselves. This affects how individuals interact with other groups and non-members of their group. The papers by Insko and Sherif present the concept of a coordinated action mechanism that aids in reducing intergroup conflict in order to cultivate strong relationships with individuals during encounters. For example, intergroup conflict among soccer players can be managed, if there are two groups and two instructors to coordinate them. As a consequence, the coaches must foster goodwill between the two groups through active contact with their respective groups.
References
Cohen, T. R., & Insko, C. A. (2008). War and peace: Possible approaches to reducing
intergroup conflict. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(2), 87-93.
Fine, G. A. (2004, December). Review Essay: Forgotten Classic: The Robbers Cave
Experiment. In Sociological Forum (Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 663-666). Kluwer Academic
Publishers-Plenum Publishers.
Sherif, M., Harvey, O. J., & White, B. Jack/Hood, William R./Sherif, Carolyn W.
(1954/1961): Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation: The Robbers Cave Experiment. Norman,
Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma, Institute of Intergroup Relations.
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