There are many different ways that institutions have reacted to the trend toward online learning. While others have partnered with third-party providers to offer online courses and degree pr

Question: Please use literature review to respond to at least two of your peers and also provide referenced articles. Your responses are expected to be substantive in nature and reference the assigned readings, as well as other theoretical, empirical, or professional literature to support your views and writings. In your response, write at least one of the following:
Ask a probing question.
Offer a suggestion.
Elaborate on a particular point.
Provide an alternative opinion.
Discussion Post 1:
There are many different ways that institutions have reacted to the trend toward online learning. While others have partnered with third-party providers to offer online courses and degree programs, some have made significant investments in the infrastructure for developing online courses and in technology. Some institutions have also put in place practices and policies to support online learning, including resources for evaluating the caliber and efficacy of online courses, training and assistance for instructors who deliver their courses online, and online student support services. With the shift to remote instruction and the ongoing pandemic, faculty and staff were constantly overworked, according to a recent assessment by Pandemic Insights. It is not surprising that group projects and class discussions were reported as negatively impacted by the lack of time to develop online courses with intentional, instructional design to embed meaningful engagement with the course materials and other classmates in online formats. ) (Jankowski, N. A. together with Bheda, D. (2022). Both good and bad things happened to online learning as a result of the pandemic. Inadvertently, it forced instructors and students into online instruction when it might not have been the most effective format for instruction. Positively, it demonstrated the advantages of online education, which some people found to be useful. Since the pandemic, online learning has become more popular and improved in many ways. Many people who recognized its advantages seized the chance and succeeded as a result.
Resource:
Jankowski, N. A., & Bheda, D. (2022). Pandemic insights to shape a better future: Assessment for teaching, learning, equity, and student success [PDF]. ExamSoft. https://www.learningoutcomesassessment.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ExamSoft_FutureofAssessment_Report_2022.pdf
Discussion Post 2:
In order to complete the bachelor’s degree in the arts or humanities, Virginia’s Community College Systems (VCCS) has created a career pathway program that enables students to transfer to Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU). The student would need to complete an associate’s degree at Brightpoint Community College (previously John Tyler), or Reynolds Community College, one of the Virginia community colleges that is a partner. The Mellon Pathways Program offers resources and assistance to students in addition to career pathways, including mentoring, career and academic exploration, and stipend opportunities. Participants may apply to become a Mellon Research Fellow and receive a stipend for research with the permission of the program director in the final year of obtaining an associate degree in an arts or humanities program at one of the aforementioned community colleges. The career pathway program enables students to reduce their tuition costs by taking classes at a community college that will apply to their degree and then transferring those credits to VCU (Retrieved from https://www . vccs . edu/pathways/).
Since Reynolds Community College offered the career pathways program, interested students could complete the degree program, transfer to Reynolds, and take the final four classes necessary to earn an associate degree in pharmacy technician there. This program, which I teach for secondary education and adult education, was dual-enrolled with Reynolds Community College for 7 years. Reynolds did not want to accredit the Pharmacy Technician program they offered with ASHP/ACTE, which became required in 2021, so my program is currently not dual enrolled with Reynolds. When students complete the program and satisfy all secondary and postsecondary education requirements, they are qualified to take the board-certified exam and, if successful, receive the certification of Certified Pharmacy Technician (CPhT).
According to Trends for Higher Education, 2021, there have been difficulties implementing guided pathways because of staff underdevelopment. I believe some fields, more so than others, benefit more from career pathway programs. As an example, I’ll use my line of work. The pathway program would be advantageous if, after finishing my program, the student transferred to Reynolds to finish the associate degree, which would then allow the student to transfer those credits toward a PharmD degree at VCU. However, an associate’s degree would not be required if the student had no plans to become a licensed pharmacist. Compared to a technician who has finished an associate degree program, there is no higher pay grade for certified technicians. In my opinion, a high school graduate who wants to become a licensed pharmacist should enroll in pharmacy school after they graduate.
Reference:
Society for College and University Planning. (2018). Trends for higher education [PDF]. https://www.scup.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/TrendsForHigherEd_Spring2018.pdf

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