Difference between diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a lasting metabolic ailment distinguished by sustained high blood sugar levels. The underlying caus
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uestion 1:
Difference between diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a lasting metabolic ailment distinguished by sustained high blood sugar levels. The underlying cause could be impaired insulin secretion or resistance to peripheral actions of insulin. Prolonged high blood sugar levels, in combination with other metabolic irregularities among patients with diabetes mellitus, can result in damage to various bodily organs, eventually leading to serious health problems that are both disabling and life-threatening. Diabetes mellitus has two types – type I and type II. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder where the pancreas produces minute or no insulin, making it necessary for individuals to inject insulin to control their blood glucose levels (Frommer & Kahaly, 2020). Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin impacts, leading to subsequent outcomes in higher-than-normal blood sugar levels. Treatment for type II diabetes may include lifestyle changes such as diet and physical activity, as well as medication or insulin injections if needed. Both types of diabetes require careful monitoring and management of blood glucose levels to prevent long-term complications.
Mechanism of action of Glyburide
Glyburide is a first-line medication that decreases blood sugar levels in individuals with type II diabetes. It is part of a class of drugs known as sulfonylureas, which stimulate insulin release from the pancreas (Shuster et al., 2020). This medication is available in a generic form and can be used alongside diet and exercise to help manage diabetes. Glyburide has been reliably lowering blood sugar levels for years and is often used in combination with metformin to have an even more significant effect. Glyburide dosages are minuscule compared to the first-generation sulfonylureas, and it is typically taken once a day in the morning. The sulfonylurea molecules attach to the SUR1 receptors in the beta cells of potassium ATP-dependent channels, which substantially affects their activity. By obstructing these channels, the agents effectively promote insulin release when cell depolarization occurs (Shuster et al., 2020). Sulfonylureas occasionally bind to SUR2 receptors situated on cells in the endothelium and cardiac tissue.
In addition to the initial insulin secretion, sulfonylureas can reduce the clearance of insulin in the liver, enhancing insulin levels in the blood plasma. It can also help reduce glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C), an indicator of long-term blood glucose control. Depending on the doctor’s instructions, glyburide is taken once or twice daily. While glyburide can be highly effective for controlling blood sugar levels, it does have some potential side effects, including weight gain, headache, dizziness, and low blood pressure. It is essential to speak with the doctor if one is considering glyburide as a treatment for diabetes. They can help ensure that it is the proper medication and monitor blood sugar levels closely while the patient is on this medication.
Key teaching points for patients taking oral antidiabetic agents?
Patients taking oral antidiabetic agents must be taught the importance of following their prescribed dosing schedule and how to monitor their blood glucose levels. They should also receive education on healthy lifestyle changes that can help keep their glucose under control, such as eating a balanced diet and getting regular physical activity (Aminde et al., 2019). Additionally, patients need to know about the potential side effects of oral antidiabetic agents, any other medication they may be taking, and what action to take if those occur. They need to understand the purpose of each oral antidiabetic agent they are prescribed and any interactions with other medications or supplements that could affect its efficacy or safety (Aminde et al., 2019). Finally, they should be reminded that it is essential to comply with follow-up appointments to ensure their oral antidiabetic treatment is effective. Following these teaching points, patients can better manage their oral antidiabetic agents and maintain optimal glycemic control.
Question2:
Diabetes type 1 is an autoimmune condition. It emanates from the body’s immune system erroneously targeting and killing the insulin-producing cells. These cells are located in the pancreas. This process often results in a lack of insulin production. Insulin serves in converting glucose into energy. People with this condition must therefore administer insulin subcutaneously. They can also use an insulin pump for survival.
Diabetes type 2 on the other hand is a metabolic illness. It is brought on by the body’s ineffective usage of insulin. It is typically brought on by a mix of hereditary and lifestyle factors, including a poor diet and inactivity. Many people with this condition may eventually need insulin injections to keep healthy. This situation occurs even though they may be able to regulate their blood sugar levels with diet, exercise, and oral medications now (Blahova et al., 2021).
Understanding the variations between these types of diabetes is crucial. While type 2 may frequently control their disease with lifestyle changes and oral drugs, type 1 requires insulin injections to survive (Bekele et al., 2020). Furthermore, those who have type 1 diabetes are more likely to be younger and leaner than those who have type 2 diabetes, who are more likely to be older and obese.
Since type 2 diabetes has been identified in Ms. Jones, she has the ability to manage her illness with dietary modifications and oral medications. She’ll probably need to make some dietary and activity adjustments, as well as work with her doctor to change any necessary medications. Since she does not have type 1 diabetes, she will not require insulin injections.
Glyburide is an oral medicine that helps type 2 diabetics manage their blood sugar levels. It functions by raising the pancreas’s production of insulin, which aids in lowering blood sugar levels. Additionally, it makes insulin utilization by cells more effective, which lowers blood sugar levels even more. Additionally, glyburide aids in lowering the liver’s synthesis of glucose, which further lowers blood sugar levels. When used as prescribed, glyburide can aid in maintaining normal blood sugar levels.
The fundamental teaching points for patients taking oral antidiabetic agents, such as glyburide, include:
Take the medication as directed by your physician, and do not change your dose or stop taking the medication without consulting your doctor.
Regularly check your blood sugar levels, and if they are too high or too low, call your doctor.
Follow a healthy diet and exercise regularly.
Be mindful that glyburide can produce low blood sugar if you take it (hypoglycemia). If you develop any hypoglycemic symptoms, such as sweating, lightheadedness, or confusion, call your doctor right once.
Be mindful of any possible prescription side effects, such as nauseousness, diarrhea, or headaches. If you have any of these adverse effects, speak with your doctor.
Do not drink alcohol while taking glyburide, as it can affect the medication and cause low blood sugar.
Make sure to keep your appointments with your doctor and laboratory tests while taking glyburide.
By following these teaching points, patients taking glyburide can help ensure their safety and medication effectiveness.
Question 3:
Tae-Kyo stands for fetus education its objective is to promote the health and well being
Of fetus and mother by having the mother focus on art and beautiful and beautiful objects
(Purnell 2014) I think this practice is in agreement with western medical standards,
This practice does not hurt the fetus. Let me inject an article I read from Womans World over
Twenty one years ago that this mother from England read to all her children in utero she also
Taught them the alphabet. When the children were born they were so smart and advanced
In academics they got scholarships to colleges in England. I tried it myself with my last
Child who is very smart and on his way to medical school. Education of the fetus is a good thing.
Difference between Food choices during pregnancy and postpartum
Food choices differ between pregnancy and postpartum. During pregnancy the focus is
On eating to prevent harm to the fetus and postpartum is eating for the healing of the mother.
During pregnancy a Korean woman should not consume duck, chicken, fish with scales squid
Or crabs. Because eating these foods may affect the childs appearance for example eating
duck may cause the baby to be born with web feet.(Purnell 2014). During postpartum women
are served seaweed soup which is rich in iron and is believed to facilitate lactation ,and to
promote healing of the mother (Purnell 2014) .
Cultural Attitudes towards drinking among Koreans
Korean peoples love of Jinro Soju which is a national spirit of Korea. They are the biggest
drinkers in Asia and seventeenth in the world for alcohol consumption 8.1 liters per capita.
Drinking alcohol when you eat out in Korea is very common with Soju and Korean beer readily
available at most restaurants for a low price. (Marrinan 2022) . This is a high-risk behavior that
most Korean men engage in. Business transactions commonly occur after decision makers
has had several drinks. Koreans believe that people let their mask down when they drink and
and they truly get to know someone after they have had a few drinks. Socioeconomic changes
in Korea have resulted in differences in alcohol related social and health problems .
(Purnell 2014) Drinking and vehicular accidents are a cause for concern in Korea.
Culturally congruent strategies a healthcare provider might use to address Jays Drinking
In Jays situation a healthcare provider could use a lot of education to assist in deterring his drinking habits.
He should be informed what alcohol does to your body over time and the
risk factors involved he works on a truck and does moving if he is impaired, he can be injured
on the job. Jay could be referred to counselling to relieve his stress which is much safer than
drinking. He can also use relaxation techniques such as acupuncture to help with his stress.
Detox clinics may not be available in Korea since drinking is a normal part of the society
So, he would be counselled to withdraw from alcohol slowly by drinking one drink less
Every day.
Question 4:
Describe the Korean cultural practice Tae-kyo. Is this practice congruent with allopathic recommendations for prenatal care?
How do food choices among Koreans differ with pregnancy and postpartum?
Describe cultural attitudes toward drinking among Koreans.
Identify two or three culturally congruent strategies a healthcare provider might use to address Jays drinking.
Tae-kyo is a Korean traditional prenatal practice that involves physical exercise and breathing techniques for pregnant women. The purpose of this practice is to maintain a healthy pregnancy, ensure a smooth delivery, and promote the health of both mother and baby. This practice may not always be congruent with allopathic recommendations for prenatal care, as it lacks the comprehensive medical care and monitoring provided by allopathic prenatal care. Sajudang Lee’s Taekyo Singi, written in 1801, has been referred to as the book of originality related to Taekyo practices (Wang & Li, 2022). It described Taekyo’s philosophy and principles which included childbearing women’s specific principles for behaviors and attitudes during pregnancy (Elliot & Kim, 2002).
In Korean culture, pregnant women are encouraged to eat nutritious and balanced meals to promote the health of both the mother and the baby. Some traditional Korean foods during pregnancy and postpartum include seaweed soup, red ginseng, and fermented foods such as kimchi. These foods are believed to provide energy and enhance milk production in lactating mothers. According to a study conducted on pregnant Korean women, the women said that they restricted those foods that traditionally believed to cause health problems (e.g. octopus, duck) or unpleasant appearance (e.g. strawberries) in fear of any bad impact on fetal development (Wang & Li, 2022).
Drinking alcohol is not culturally accepted among Koreans, especially during pregnancy and for those who are responsible for the care of young children. Excessive drinking is often seen as a sign of a lack of self-control or disrespect for traditional values (Wang & Li, 2022). However, the attitudes toward drinking may vary among different generations and communities. However, it is not uncommon for some Koreans to drink socially.
To address Jay’s drinking, a healthcare provider might use the following culturally congruent strategies: Address Jay’s concerns about job security and the impact it may be having on his stress levels and drinking habits. Offer support and resources to help Jay quit drinking and manage stress. Provide education on the dangers of alcohol consumption during pregnancy and its effects on fetal development. The provider could involve Jay’s community, such as his church, in addressing his drinking. The cultural values and support of the community may be influential in promoting behavior change. The provider could work with the church to provide resources, support, and accountability for Jay’s drinking habits. The healthcare provider could also talk to Jay about the cultural importance of providing a healthy environment for his family.
Requirements: 150 words
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