QUIZ 9 1) An independent variable that cannot be randomly as
QUIZ 9 1) An independent variable that cannot be randomly assigned is called aA) Control variableB) Natural treatment variableC) Dependent variableD) All of the above2) An experiment that manipulates two or more independent variables is referred to as a _______________designA) Between-subjectsB) Within-subjectsC) Single-factorialD) Multifactorial3) Your best bet to establish that the independent variable causes changes in the dependent variable.A) Latin-squares designB) Quasi experiment C) Within-subjects designD) True experiment4) What is the difference between a single-factor design and a multi-factorial design?A) A single-factor design is non-experimental whereas a multi-factorial is experimental.B) A single-factor design is experimental whereas a multi-factorial design is non- experimental.C) A single-factor design has one independent variable whereas as a multi-factorial design has two or more independent variables.D) A single-factor design has one dependent variable whereas as a multi-factorial design has two or more dependent variables.5) Experimental control ideally produces groups that are identical except for theirexperience withA) The independent variableB) The dependent variableC) Unmeasured variablesD) The confounding variable6) This is a characteristic unique to true experiments.A) Independent variableB) Dependent variableC) Control variableD) Random assignment7) In experiments, independent variables are often referred to asA) Extraneous variables B) ConfoundsC) FactorsD) Variances8) Tyler presents each participant with a gift of $5, $10, or $15 and then he measures his participants’ generosity in a subsequent task. This study is best described as a ______.A) within-subjects single-factor experimentB) between-subjects single-factor experimentC) within-subjects multifactorial experimentD) between-subjects multifactorial experiment9) In _____ designs, participants experience each level of the ___ variable.A) Between-subjects; independentB) Between-subjects; dependent C) Within-subjects; independentD) Within-subjects; dependent10) In ________ designs, experimental error comes from _____, when experiencing one condition affects the experience of another condition.A) Between-subjects; individual differencesB) Between-subjects; carryover effectsC) Within-subjects; individual differencesD) Within-subjects; carryover effects11) Internal validity most directly speaks to a researcher’s ability to A) Generalize a study’s findings B) Publicize a study’s findings C) Attribute scores on the dependent variable to the effect of the independent variableD) Attribute scores on the independent variable to the effect of the dependent variable12) Adams and Kleck (2003) manipulated emotional expression (anger/fear) and gaze direction (direct/averted) of faces. All participants made speeded judgments as to whether the face displayed anger or fear. What is the correct notation for the factorial design used in this study?A) 2 x 4B) 4 x 2C) 3 x 3D) 2 x 213) Adams and Kleck (2003) manipulated emotional expression (anger/fear) and gaze direction (direct/averted) of faces. All participants made speeded judgments as to whether the face displayed anger or fear. What is the dependent variable?A) Speeded judgment B) Emotional ExpressionC) Gaze DirectionD) Anger faces14) Adams and Kleck (2003) manipulated emotional expression (anger/fear) and gaze direction (direct/averted) of faces. All participants made speeded judgments as to whether the face displayed anger or fear. What are the independent variables?A) Anger faces, Speeded JudgmentB) Emotional expression, Gaze DirectionC) Fear faces, Speeded JudgmentD) All of the above15) What were the main effects tested in the Adams and Kleck (2003) study?A) Emotional Expression, Gaze DirectionB) Gaze Direction, Speeded JudgmentC) Emotional Expression, Speeded JudgmentD) All of the above 16) If in the Adams and Kleck (2003) study, participants had their fastest response times for anger faces than for fear faces regardless of gaze direction, this would mean that the results showed a: A) Main effect for emotion expressionB) Main effect for gaze directionC) Main effect or speeded judgment D) All of the above17) If in the Adams and Kleck (2003) study, participants had their fastest response times for faces with direct eye gaze than for faces with averted eye gaze, regardless of emotional expression, this would mean that the results showed a: A) Main effect for emotion expressionB) Main effect for gaze directionC) Main effect or speeded judgment D) All of the above18) If in the Adams and Kleck (2003) study, participants had their fastest response times for anger faces with direct eye gaze, this would mean that the results showed ——————– interaction A) Emotional Expression X Speeded JudgmentB) Gaze Direction X Speeded JudgmentC) Emotional Expression X Gaze DirectionD) Emotional Expression X Eye Test19) You test a main effect for each _________variable.A) ControlB) Dependent C) IndependentD) Intervening20) In a 2x2x3 design, there are _______ conditions.A) 12B) 3C) 6D) 921) In a 2×2 design, you test for _______ interaction(s).A) 1B) 0C) 2D) 422) _______ interaction(s) can be a tested in a single-factor experiment. A) OneB) TwoC) ZeroD) Three23) Julie uses a within-subjects design to study the effects of caffeine (none or 8 ounces of coffee) and exercise (none or 10 min of jogging) on cognitive performance. How many groups of participants will she need?A) OneB) TwoC) FourD) Six24) Compared to a between-subjects approach, a within-subjects multifactorial experimental design ______.A) is more costlyB) is more affected individual differencesC) requires fewer participantsD) is less affected by carryover effects25) Bill is studying how individuals’ ability to concentrate is affected by both music type (pop vs. classical) and volume (soft vs. loud). If he finds that concentration is best when classical music is played softly this will be referred to as a(n) ______.A) interactionB) factorial effectC) main effectD) 2 ´ 2 effect26) Bill is studying how individuals’ ability to concentrate is affected by both music type (pop vs. classical) and volume (soft vs. loud). If he finds that concentration is best with classical music regardless of whether played softly or loudly this will be referred to as a(n) ______.A) interactionB) factorial effectC) main effectD) 2 ´ 2 effect**textbook:Research Methods in Psychology: Investigating Human Behavior Front Cover Paul G. Nestor, Russell K. Schutt
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