Maintenance therapy, replacement therapy and restoration therapy
The rationales or indications for using IV therapy fall into 3 categories: maintenance therapy, replacement therapy and restoration therapy . Factors that influence the normal intake of fluids, including the drinking of liquids, the consumption of food, and the oxidization of nutrients during metabolism. Common medications that are administered intravenously include antimicrobial agents such as cephalosporin, aminoglycosides, penicillin,; anticoagulants, antifungals, antiviral agents, bronchodilators, hypoglycemic drugs, insulin, immunosuppressant, biotherapy drugs, neuromuscular blocking agents, chemotherapy drugs and opioid drugs for intermittent or continuous pain relief. Methods for administration of medications or drug therapy include continuous or intermittent infusion, bolus injection, and piggy back infusion. Individuals that are dehydrated; vomiting; experiencing electrolyte imbalance; unconscious; in shock; or unable to take medications, fluids or nourishment orally benefit from the advantages of IV therapy as fluids and electrolytes are replaced. Additional advantages include the administration of antibiotics and other medications as many antibiotics require specific blood levels of their content to be maintained to reach optimum benefits. The requirement that blood levels remain constant to be effective is helped with IV therapy. The patient complains of the skin will feeling tight and the skin appears stretched and taut The signs are usually seen close to the insertion site including slowing or stopping of the fluid infusion, tissue induration, and swelling around the injection site with tissue remaining cool to the touch. The first line of defense of protecting the patient from infection as a result of IV therapy is the practice of good and consistent hand hygiene and proper medical asepsis. S/S of generalized infection include chills and fever, increasing heart and respiratory rate and dropping BP. Anxiety and restlessness or lethargy are usually present. The patient may complain of not feeling "right" or advise "Something is wrong." These symptoms may be delayed reaction after the IV has been discontinued.
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