Communication is symbolic. We communicate using words, but the words are only symbols, not the actual objects themselves.
Communication is symbolic. We communicate using words, but the words are only symbols, not the actual objects themselves. Communication involves words, pictures, sounds, and marks, all of which may represent something else.
Communication involves a shared meaning. When you speak with a friend, and she tells you of an experience that she recently had, you are able to understand her experience because you have a shared meaning of the words and symbols that she uses to describe the experience.
Communication is a process. It evolves over time and after multiple engagements that build upon each other. This ongoing interaction changes the relationship.
Communication is a process. The process of exchanging messages, between two or more people, to create and share meaning is how communication is defined.
Communication is purposeful. We communicate for a reason. There are five key reasons to communicate.
Elements of Interpersonal Communication
It has been explained that communication is a process. The participants and elements of that process include the following: sender, receiver, message, channel, feedback, environment and noise.
Sender The sender is the source, or originator, of the interpersonal communication.
Receiver The receiver is the recipient of the communication. In a conversation, two people exchange the role of the sender and the receiver very rapidly.
Message The message is the actual content of the communication itself. It’s the idea the sender wants to communicate to the receiver.
Channel The channel refers to the medium in which the message is sent from the sender to the receiver. If the communication is via email, the Internet is the channel; if it is via telephone, the phone lines are the channel. In person, the air is the medium or channel.
Feedback Feedback is defined as the information the sender gets from the receiver in response to the message. It can be non-verbal, such as a head nod indicating understanding or it can be verbal when the receiver says, “I don’t understand what you mean.” Feedback is very important in determining if the communication was effective or if we need to repeat or change the message to be sure it is correctly understood.
nvironment Environment refers to the external environment where the communication takes place.
Noise Noise refers to anything that interferes or disrupts the communication process.
Communication Continuum
Interpersonal communication exists on a continuum that ranges from impersonal to highly personal. A conversation between a waiter and a customer would typically fall at the impersonal end of the spectrum. A conversation between two longtime friendswould fall at the other end of the spectrum.
Types of Communication
Communication can take place in many forms, from in person to mediated.
Mediated Communication Mediated communication is when someone or something acts as a connector between the two people communicating. Mediated communication often refers to communication involving technology, such as cell phones, computers, email, and video cameras.
Small Group Communication Small group communication involves communication among three or more people. In a small group, the nature of the communication can change rapidly, as two or more may share an opinion and have greater ability to influence the opinions of others in the group.
Instructions
For this assignment, you will write emails explaining a situation to both an employer and a friend.
Your employer has asked you to work on a day that you have already requested off for personal reasons. You are unable to change your plans and must therefore explain why you are unable to work (a family wedding or similar event is a possible choice for this). Your friend has asked you to assist him or her with moving on the same day. Again, you are unable to help because of the same prior engagement.
1. Write an email to your employer explaining why you are unable to work on the day specified.
2. Write an email to your friend explaining why you are unavailable to help with his or her move.
3. In a short, 1-page reflection, explain the differences between how you have communicated in the two emails. Familiarity with the other person, formality, type of language used, and other factors you may wish to include.
4. Keep in mind the audiences to whom you are writing. Ideas of grammar, formality, and word choice may be very different depending on your audience, but in both cases, clarity and succinctness are important.
Grading Rubric
A
4
Mastery
Email to employer offers clear reason for the inability to come to work. Multiple logical and clear details are included. Email is professional and formal with no inconsistencies in language choice or tone.
Email to friend offers clear reason for the inability to help. Multiple logical and clear details are included. Email is personal with no inconsistencies in language choice or tone.
Reflection offers more than three distinct and clear differences in style, message, language, and other aspects of communication in the two emails.
No grammatical or mechanical errors evident. Tone is appropriate for both emails but is noticeably different. Clear distinction in language used in the two emails
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