In Part 1 of your research proposal, you established the need for further study in your literature review and mapped out your problem statement, research question, and methodological approa

Introduction

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the brain's ability to regulate behavior and focus attention. It is estimated that ADHD affects between 3 and 5 percent of school-aged children and between 2 and 4 percent of adults (Weibel et al., 2020). The symptoms of ADHD can have a significant impact on every aspect of a person's life, from their personal relationships to their work performance. The symptoms of ADHD can have a negative impact on adults' lives, especially in the workplace. ADHD is characterized by the onset of symptoms before the age of three and by a delay in brain development. These disorders affect the whole brain, not just one particular area. There is no single cause of neurodevelopmental disorders, but they are thought to result from genetic and environmental factors interacting with each other over time. The symptoms of ADHD can make it difficult for some adults to hold down jobs or relationships with others (Russell et al., 2008). Additionally, the effects of ADHD on adults are varied and can include organizational problems, difficulties with time management, and lack of self-discipline. Adults with ADHD may also have problems with memory, concentration, and attention.

Problem Statement

The problem is that there is a lack of understanding about ADHD in adults and how it can negatively impact their lives. Many adults with ADHD are undiagnosed and untreated, which can lead to problems in the workplace and in relationships. Additionally, the symptoms of ADHD can make it difficult for some adults to hold down jobs or relationships with others. Additionally, the effects of ADHD on adults are varied and can include organizational problems, difficulties with time management, and lack of self-discipline. Adults with ADHD may also have problems with memory, concentration, and attention.

Research Question

What are the negative impacts of ADHD on adults?

The research question is asking about the negative impacts of ADHD on adults. This can include the impact on employment, relationships, and overall functioning. Additionally, the research question is asking about the prevalence of these negative impacts and how they vary among adults with ADHD.

Literature Review

ADHD causes serious deficits such as trouble focusing, hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention, and distractibility. Adults are impacted by these symptoms in a number of ways. Work and social interactions might be hampered by excessive energy. Because of how they exhibit differently from children with ADHD, adults with ADHD are frequently misdiagnosed with other mental health conditions. The adult may have untreated ADHD symptoms for years before seeking treatment as a result of this mistake. Some individuals may find it challenging to maintain connections with others or their careers as a result of the symptoms of ADHD (Weibel et al., 2020). When it comes time to taking action on those decisions, impulsivity can have a detrimental influence on an adult's capacity to make wise judgments. Impulsivity might also lead to issues with personal hygiene. For optimal oral health, it is crucial to practice personal hygiene practices like brushing your teeth and flossing on a regular basis. If not treated early on by a dentist who specializes in treating dental disorders brought on by tooth decay or gum disease brought on by other illnesses like diabetes, it can result in tooth decay or gum disease later in life.

Another key handicap brought on by ADHD is inattention, which affects adults in a variety of ways, including a lack of drive and poor organizational abilities (Castells et al., 2018). A subset of conditions known as neurodevelopmental disorders include those that have early onset, significant intellectual incapacity, and severe physical disabilities. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD), schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD), bipolar disorder with psychotic features (BDP), and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified are a few examples of neurodevelopmental disorders (PDD-NOS). Social, behavioral, and cognitive impairments that begin in childhood or adolescence are the hallmarks of these diseases (Morris-Rosendahl et al., 2021). Social impairment and poor communication skills are hallmarks of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although IQ scores below 70 are not unusual, more than half of people with ASD have extremely high IQs. Children with ASD often have an IQ between 50 and 70, which is lower than that of children who are typically developing but higher than that of those with learning difficulties (Parenti et al., 2020). A variant of ASD known as Asperger syndrome manifests earlier than usual instances. Asperger syndrome sufferers typically have verbal communication skills but may have trouble with subtle body language, gestures, and eye contact, among other things.

There is no single cause of ADHD, but it is thought to result from genetic and environmental factors interacting with each other over time. Genetic factors include mutations that predispose individuals to certain diseases or conditions, variations that affect how well a person's genes function, and variations that affect brain development and function (Taylor et al., 2021). The literature on ADHD in adults is limited, but the available research suggests that ADHD can have a significant negative impact on every aspect of an individual's life. More research is needed to better understand the condition and its effects on adults.

Methodological Approach

A systematic review of the available data on adult-onset ADHD is necessary in order to better understand the condition and its effects on adults. This review will involve a comprehensive search of the literature on ADHD in adults in order to identify all relevant studies. Once all relevant studies have been identified, they will be critically appraised in order to assess their quality and validity. The data from these studies will then be synthesized in order to identify common themes and patterns. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on ADHD in adults and will identify gaps in the literature that need to be addressed.

References

Castells, X., Blanco‐Silvente, L., & Cunill, R. (2018). Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (8).

Morris-Rosendahl, D. J., & Crocq, M. A. (2022). Neurodevelopmental disorders—the history and future of a diagnostic concept. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

Parenti, I., Rabaneda, L. G., Schoen, H., & Novarino, G. (2020). Neurodevelopmental disorders: from genetics to functional pathways. Trends in Neurosciences, 43(8), 608-621.

Russell A. Barkley, Kevin R. Murphy, & Mariellen Fischer. (2008). ADHD in Adults : What the Science Says. The Guilford Press.