In the field of counseling, empirically supported treatments
Question 1In the field of counseling, empirically supported treatments
illustrate the spontaneous-remission effect.
are interventions for which empirical evidence of effectiveness exists.
refer to the fact that a number of individuals improve irrespective of any professional intervention.
are examples of placebo therapies.
Question 2According to the ACA, which is NOT one of the primary aims of professional counselors?
They use the medical model to help clients address severe mental disturbances.
They help clients identify goals and potential solutions to problems that cause emotional turmoil.
They help clients seek to improve communication and coping skills.
They promote behavioral changes and optimal mental health in their clients.
Question 3Which of the following statements applies to the American School Counseling Association (ASCA)?
It is the primary professional organization for professional counselors.
It has developed the National Standards for School Counseling Programs, which provide guidance at the national level for appropriate service delivery in schools.
It is a counseling approach developed by Carl Rogers that stresses the importance of the counseling relationship.
It is a branch of the American Psychological Association.
Question 4The ability of counselors to take care of their own psychological, emotional, physical, and spiritual well-being is called
psychological mindedness.
client-centered therapy.
burnout.
counselor self-care.
Question 5The graduate education of a__________ emphasizes both research and practice. It follows the scientist-practitioner model.
Clinical Psychologist (Psy.D.)
Clinical Psychologist (Ph.D.)
Licensed Clinical Social Workers (LCSW)
Marriage and Family Therapist (MFT)
Question 6Which of the following statements is likely to be an instance of cognitive restructuring?
“I’m a loser. Otherwise my spouse would still be with me.”
“I failed to pass a test, but my effort was minimal. If I study harder and ask for help, my grade will improve.”
“The score of my first math test indicates that I do not have the ability to do well in school. Thus, I need to quit as soon as possible.”
“I do not have a good job and it’s all my fault. I will never be able to succeed in life.”
Question 7The practitioner-scholar model
has been criticized for its heavy emphasis on using biological factors to explain mental disorders while devaluing potentially significant social factors.
proposes that graduate education and training in clinical psychology consist of both research and practice.
advocates that in graduate programs devoted to clinical psychology efforts spent on research can instead be devoted to clinical training.
is also known as the Boulder model.
Question 8Which of the following statements applies to counterconditioning?
It tries to overcome unconscious urges related to sex and aggression.
It relies heavily on cognitive restructuring (sometimes referred to as reframing).
It acknowledges that our thoughts may sometimes be irrational.
It involves replacing undesirable responses with desirable ones.
Question 9Impaired professionals are
counselors who have the ability to take care of their own psychological, emotional, physical, and spiritual well-being.
counselors whose own psychological concerns are interfering with their ability to work with others.
members of the field of professional psychology who specialize in addressing emotional, social, vocational, educational, health-related, developmental, and organizational concerns.
people who enter the counseling profession hoping their own experience with psychological problems will give them insight into their work with clients.
Question 10Which is the statement that most closely applies to behavioral therapy?
Self-actualization is its goal.
Dysfunctional behaviors are learned.
Maladaptive behaviors cannot be unlearned.
Adaptive behaviors cannot substitute for maladaptive behaviors.
Question 11In counseling, what does congruence mean?
It describes relationships in which a person is valued only when he/she meets the expectations of others.
It is an approach to counseling that emphasizes the knowledge and skills necessary to work with diverse groups.
It is a technique used in psychoanalysis in which a patient talks about whatever comes to mind in order to uncover unconscious memories.
It describes the personal quality of being open and honest about one’s thoughts and feelings.
Question 12In a counselor, psychological mindedness
is the inclination to see the world only through the lens of the culture in which one was raised.
is a service delivery that takes into account the diverse needs of clients as essential for effective practice.
is the ability to process information that can help counselors understand the motivations, challenges, and reasons for the behavior of clients.
Is a branch within psychology that works with families and couples in intimate relationships to foster change and development.
Question 13Which is the statement that does NOT refer to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)?
CTB is known to be successful in treating several disorders, especially depression and anxiety.
Cognitive restructuring is a critical component of CBT.
Its goal is to change behavior by modifying thinking.
Its goal is to promote a natural drive for individual growth and self-esteem through acceptance.
Question 14Which statement is an INACCURATE description of the field of clinical psychology?
Clinical psychology is largely an applied discipline that seeks to use scientific knowledge to create practical solutions.
Clinical psychology focuses on understanding and treating mental, emotional and behavioral disorders.
Clinical psychology is a subfield of psychology that attempts to apply theory and research to understand a person’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
Clinical psychology focuses exclusively on understanding how brain functioning influences different behaviors and thought processes.
Question 15Identify the statement that does NOT apply to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders.
Its content is largely uncontroversial.
It is a comprehensive listing of diagnostic criteria and statistics for mental health disorders.
It tends to classify and describe mental health disorders based on cultural expectations and stereotypes instead of behavioral science.
It was developed by the American Psychiatric Association.
Question 16The term psychoeducational program
is used to refer to
a general approach to counseling originally developed by Sigmund Freud.
an academic field devoted to the study of human behavior.
an approach to counseling that views problems as located not in the individual, but rather in the larger system (e.g., family) in which the individual lives.
a type of education that helps people (including students, faculty, and staff) understand the impact of mental health disorders and physical illnesses.
Question 17What is not one of the “four D’s” that define abnormal behavior?
desire
distress
deviance
danger
Question 18Which of the following statements does NOT describe counseling psychologists?
They focus exclusively on the needs of veterans with disabilities to ensure that their clients achieve independent living and vocational goals.
They focus on clients who have typical development concerns, such as the need for satisfying careers or healthy relationships (i.e., nonclinical populations).
They specialize in addressing emotional, social, vocational, educational, health-related, developmental, and organizational concerns.
They strive to develop a professional relationship with clients that empowers them to accomplish mental health, wellness, education, and career goals.
Question 19Consumer Reports found that nearly all forms of long-term professional psychotherapy help people overcome their problems (Consumer Reports, 1995). The survey conducted by Consumer Reports and its results have remained controversial though. Which among the following statements does NOT represent the criticism leveled against the survey and its findings?
the study of how brain functioning influences thoughts and behaviors is to be conducted in the laboratory by scientists.
the survey was voluntary and limited to one group (i.e., people who subscribe to Consumer Reports).
Subscribers who were not helped by psychotherapy might not have responded in the same proportion as those who benefited from it.
Subscribers might have found it psychologically difficult to give a negative assessment to an activity (i.e., psychotherapy) in which they had invested heavily (e.g., time and money).
Question 20Wechsler scales specifically__________.
assess psychopathological functioning
measure intelligence
measure personality
assess emotional states
ABS200 Introduction to Applied Behavioral Sciences
Week 2 Quiz
Question 1 Adrenal glands
comprise a brain structure that is involved in sensory perception and the regulation of motor functions.
are glands that produce hormones that facilitate the stress response.
are the consequences of the stress response upon functioning, such as feeling anxious or becoming physically ill.
comprise a master gland that controls the functions of other glands.
Question 2Which is NOT one of the six core processes of ACT?
learning how to relax and better cope with stress by altering physiological activities
being present (i.e., being able to direct attention flexibly and voluntarily to current external and internal events)
self as context (i.e., recognizing that thoughts and feelings are ever changing depending on one’s perspective and context)
identification of values that are personally important
Question 3What is the amygdala?
a part of the brain that plays a central role in emotional reactions such as the stress response
a master gland that controls the functions of other glands
a structure that directly stimulates the adrenal glands to produce catecholamines
a structure that directly causes the release of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Question 4__________ is an example of a cognitive stress intervention. __________ is an example of a physical stress intervention.
Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT); Progressive muscle relaxation
Progressive muscle relaxation; A breathing exercise
A breathing exercise; Biofeedback
A breathing exercise; Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR)
Question 5Which is INCORRECT according to the stages of change model?
“I have stopped drinking” is an example of action.
“I enjoy getting drunk” is an example of precontemplation.
“It has been 6 months since my last drink” is an example of maintenance.
“I will stop going out to bars” is an example of contemplation.
Question 6The health onion perspective views etiology in layers. Each layer is a contributing factor, and no one layer can be fully isolated when working to identify the etiology, or causes of a disease. What is the layer at the center of the onion?
general socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental conditions
the biological individual (e.g., age, sex, heredity)
social and community networks
living and working conditions
Question 7The term eustress is NOT used to refer to
stress as having energizing and healthy effects.
the positive effects of stress.
how responding to challenges in life can actually add to our health and vitality.
the negative effects of stress.
Question 8An example of internal locus of control is
“I’m sick because I’m unlucky.”
“I’m sick because I stayed out in the rain too long.”
“I’m just doing what my doctor tells me to do.”
“I’m concerned about health.”
Question 9Which of the following statements does NOT describe the biomedical model?
It assumes that achieving wellness is largely a psychological endeavor.
It conforms to a dualistic view that health and illness can be understood by studying the body (physical and biological factors) as being separate from the mind (psychosocial factors).
It reduces the complexity of health to a single cause: the physical self.
It posits that health and illness can be explained solely on the basis of biological factors.
Question 10__________ is a physical state or condition to the right on the illness-wellness continuum that involves being in good physical and mental health. It is typically characterized by overt efforts aimed at maintaining this state or condition.
Health belief
Illness
Wellness
Health
Question 11The exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome is
the maintenance of a state of constancy despite changes in the outside environment.
the stage in which the body and mind ramp up to a state of apprehension (freeze, flight, or fight).
the stage in which only some of the physiological components of the alarm stage remain (such as tension, worry, and lack of sleep).
the stage that is marked by a wearing down of the body’s defenses.
Question 12The transtheoretical model
predicts that a patient may go back and forth through a series of stages to decide whether to change his or her behavior.
is not also called the stages of change model.
consists of four stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, and maintenance.
predicts that the communication is directed from physician to patient.
Question 13__________ predicts health-related behaviors based on a core set of beliefs of an individual’s perception of susceptibility, severity of illness, cost-benefit of behavior change, control, motivation, and cues to action.
Monism
Locus of control
The health belief model
The patient-centered communication model
Question 14The term freeze, flight, or fight
refers to a stress response that does not prepare organisms to overcome threats in their environment.
illustrates the responses available to organisms during the alarm stage.
defines the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome.
describes the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome.
Question 15Cognitive stress interventions
are targeted at reducing the physical symptoms of the stress response.
are specifically aimed at altering the thinking patterns that produce stress.
include breathing exercises and progressive muscle relaxation.
include biofeedback, breathing exercises, and progressive muscle relaxation.
Question 16An important component of stress models that emphasizes that stress results from the interaction of the person with his/her environment is called
startle response.
thalamus.
transaction.
stress symptom.
Question 17Primary appraisal _________, whereas secondary appraisal __________.
is a psychological process that occurs when an individual evaluates resources according to their adequacy in meeting a life demand; is a psychological process that occurs when an individual evaluates events according to their significance to his/her well-being
is a psychological process that occurs when an individual evaluates resources according to their adequacy in meeting a life demand; is the result of an imbalance between perceived demands and perceived resources that has the potential to cause negative emotions and physical wear and tear on the body
is a psychological process that occurs when an individual evaluates events according to their significance to his/her well-being; enables the body to spring into action without needing the thinking brain
is a psychological process that occurs when an individual evaluates events according to their significance to his/her well-being; is a psychological process that occurs when an individual evaluates resources according to their adequacy in meeting a life demand
Question 18Which of the following statements defines the term primary prevention?
It is prevention aimed at the early diagnosis and detection of treatable disease.
It is prevention aimed at stopping disease before it occurs.
It is prevention aimed at wellness for those with chronic irreversible diseases.
It aims to identify diseases early to make them easier to manage.
Question 19The _________approach begins with the identification of an illness that is to be addressed. Its goal is to eradicate it.
dualism
monism
treatment
wellness
Question 20Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the biopsychosocial model?
It is the perspective that health and illness can be explained solely by biological factors.
It is the view that illness, health, and wellness can be best explained by the interactions of biological, psychological, and social factors.
It represents a holistic perspective of illness, health, and wellness.
It conforms to a monistic view, according to which the mind and body are interconnected in such a way that they can be treated as if they are the same.
ABS200 Introduction to Applied Behavioral Sciences
Week 3 Quiz
Question 1The DSM-5’s section on substance-related and addictive disorders lists 11 criteria, or circumstances, that a counselor must address when developing a diagnosis. Which is NOT one of these criteria?
Any previous unsuccessful efforts to discontinue use.
Whether a treatment model exists to address the client’s drug intake.
Whether the client craves the drug physically and psychologically.
Whether or not tolerance has increased over time.
Question 2A crime is a criminal act that is perpetrated by an actor or offender who has the intention of violating the law. __________ refers to a criminal act, whereas __________ refers to the intention of violating the law.
Mens rea; actus reus
Mens rea; criminal intent
Actus reus; mens rea
Criminal responsibility; actus reus
Question 3A __________ is a personality disorder characterized by excessive emotionality, attention seeking, and inappropriate or seductive behavior, whereas __________ is a personality disorder defined by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a need for constant admiration, and lack of empathy for others.
antisocial personality disorder; borderline personality disorder
histrionic personality disorder; narcissistic personality disorder
narcissistic personality disorder; histrionic personality disorder
borderline personality disorder; antisocial personality disorder
Question 4Which term describes a field of study that applies scientific psychological knowledge to legal issues?
police psychology
forensic psychology
criminology
social psychology
Question 5Which of the following is NOT one of the components of
addiction counseling?
immediate discharge
substance use monitoring
treatment/treatment plan
intake processing/assessment
Question 6Characteristics of criminal offenders that are related to criminal behavior are generally called
externalizing behaviors.
correlates.
instances of criminal intent.
legal concepts.
Question 7According to the textbook, which of the following is NOT a legal concept upon which forensic psychologists often rely to provide testimony in criminal courts?
future dangerousness
dangerousness to others or self
criminal responsibility
paraphilic disorders
Question 8The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) is
a 20-item assessment tool that measures the affective, behavioral, lifestyle, and interpersonal features of the psychopathic personality.
a 567-item instrument of psychopathology and personality functioning, which contains 10 clinical scales, each assessing one of 10 major categories of abnormal human behavior.
a 52-item inventory of psychiatric problems among youths ages 12 to 17 who are in the juvenile justice system.
an 80-item, self-report survey designed to measure eight thinking styles believed to support a lifestyle characterized by consistent criminal offending.
Question 9The transtheoretical model __________.
entails four stages: partnership, acceptance, compassion and evocation
specifically involves four processes: engaging, focusing, evoking and planning
includes an assessment and evaluation session, which is followed by sessions focused on discussing coping strategies and encouraging self -motivation
consists of a series of stages of change: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance
Question 10Which is NOT one of the three phases of
Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT)?
Referral to treatment
to improve the client’s quality of life and address concerns related to abuse or addiction.
Compassion through which the mental health professional gives priority to the client’s needs.
Screening to identify risky behaviors or behaviors that may produce future problems.
Discussion of the client’s behaviors and the results of standardized assessment.
Question 11Which of the following statements may be used to refer to a medically managed intensive inpatient treatment facility?
It is an inpatient rehabilitation facility that consists of daily counseling sessions where clients work on a discharge plan and coping skills.
It is used for detoxification services. As such, 24-hour medical care is required since the client is given medications to assist with withdrawal symptoms.
It is a half-way house where individuals live with substance abuse counselors on staff 24-hours per day.
It is a type of residential living also called supportive living. It consists of a home where the client lives independently.
Question 12Which of the following statements is FALSE?
Although Serotonin, Acetylcholine, and Glutamate are all neurotransmitters, their functions are different.
Neurotransmitters are synthetic chemical messengers that can excite or inhibit the functioning of the human brain.
Neurotransmitters are natural chemical messengers in the brain that can affect bodily movement and cognitive functioning.
Because addictive substances alter the function of neurotransmitters, counselors must have a good understanding of how neurotransmitters operate.
Question 13Dangerousness to self is
an instance of criminal intent.
an assessment of risk that an individual will perpetrate physical harm toward another person.
a risk assessment of whether a person will likely attempt to cause nonfatal self-harm or even attempt suicide.
an expert assessment of the likelihood that an offender will continue to commit crime and violence if released from custody.
Question 14 Which statement is UNLIKELY to refer to trauma -informed care (TIC) according to SAMHSA?
It can be helpful in the treatment of different forms of trauma, including complex post-traumatic stress disorder.
It relies on empirical evidence showing that trauma is never associated with substance disorders and relapse.
It is a model used in medical settings (e.g., emergency rooms and primary care settings).
It requires that a clinician understand different types of trauma and their role in substance disorders.
Question 15Dr. Jones’s work focuses on the causes and correlates of crime. Dr. Jones is likely to be a
career counselor.
clinical psychologist.
criminologist.
police psychologist.
Question 16Which of the following statements NEITHER defines NOR relates to a treatment plan?
It is a document that outlines the objectives and goals of the recovery process.
It is a document signed by the client and the counselor and preserved as an official record.
It usually contains information about a client’s level of care, DSM-5 diagnosis, typical behaviors, treatment goals, treatment objectives, interventions, and resources.
It is the process by which a client begins to speak of change in counseling sessions.
Question 17Which of the following statements best defines the field of criminal psychology?
a broad term that spans all of the law enforcement, court, and correctional functions in local, state, and federal organizations across the country
the application of scientific psychological knowledge to legal issues pertaining to criminal offenders and the criminal justice system
the study of the psychological characteristics and motives of criminal offenders
the study of the relationship between law enforcement personnel and forensic psychologists who assist the police in a variety of contexts
Question 18What does NOT describe change talk?
It usually marks the planning stage of motivational interviewing.
It is the process by which a client begins to speak of change during a counseling session.
It is defined as the amount of time devoted to obtaining the drug of choice and then using it.
During it, the counselor usually asks open-ended questions and affirms the thoughts of the client by offering reflections and summaries.
Question 19Which professional organization certifies that a forensic psychologist has the appropriate education, training, and other credentials that justify his or her work?
American Psychology-Law Society (APLS)
International Association for Correctional and Forensic Psychology (IACFP)
International Association of Forensic Mental Health Services (IAFMHS)
American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP)
Question 20An expert assessment of the likelihood that an offender will continue to commit crime and violence if released from custody is termed
future dangerousness.
dangerousness to self.
dangerousness to others.
criminal responsibility.
ABS200 Introduction to Applied Behavioral Sciences
Week 4 Quiz
Question 1Card sort is a type of
formal assessment that involves cards with various descriptors that clients can use to identify aspects of themselves that may inform their career search.
informal assessment that does not have the psychometric rigor of a formal assessment.
informal assessment that is usually accompanied by evidence of reliability and validity.
formal assessment that includes any tool a counselor uses to gather information about clients.
Question 2A centerpiece of the field of vocational counseling, “test them and tell them” has been used to refer to
models that attempt to measure both individual talents and the attributes required in particular jobs.
an approach to career counseling, suggesting counselors are very directive and base all guidance on formal testing.
a theory that suggests occupational preferences and skills change across time, based on life experience and on one’s stage of development.
all the activities of a counselor who assists clients with career development.
Question 3Design-based research occurs when __________.
practitioners keep records of their patients in clinical practice
researchers try to identify specific factors that define individual differences
researchers work on abstract problems that are significant to them. Such problems may not have immediate practical applications
researchers work closely with practitioners to design and test solutions to immediate problems
Question 4Curriculum is __________, whereas instruction is __________.
how contents ought to be taught; the content and structure of what ought to be learned
the content and structure of what ought to be learned; how contents ought to be taught
the act or process of knowing; how contents ought to be taught
how contents ought to be taught; the investigation of a relationship among two or more variables
Question 5Educational psychology is specifically defined as __________.
the study of cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, and thinking
the study of problem solving in all contexts where memory is used
the study of a variety of forms of behavior in educational contexts
the study of how people learn and how to help people learn
Question 6The amount of overlap between the characteristics of a person and his/her work environment is called
career intervention.
career development.
typology.
congruence.
Question 7__________ is the ability of someone to manage his/her own learning, attitude, and behavior through executive control.
Self-regulation
Scaffolding
Gamification
Pedagogy
Question 8The ability of a reader to see letters on a computer screen represents ___________; whereas the ability of the reader to correctly interpret the letters into words and sentences represented _________________.
cognition; memory
sensation; perception
memory; cognition
perception; sensation
Question 9Industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology
focuses on helping people who have disabilities achieve their personal, career, and independent living goals through a counseling process.
consists of activities that help people prepare for, and succeed at, career development tasks.
is the scientific study of the application of psychological theories and principles to organizations and individuals in the workplace.
describes a counselor assisting clients with career development activities.
Question 10_____________ is the practice of intentionally guiding other people’s learning and development.
Philosophy
Psychology
Education
None of the above is correct.
Question 11__________ refers to data collection about careers that does not have the psychometric rigor of a formal assessment.
Informal assessment
Assessment
“Test them and tell them”
Career intervention
Question 12Because principles of educational psychology can have a big impact on a company’s success, it is possible to find employees in which of the following roles utilizing educational psychology principles?
Trainer
Consultant
Executive leader
All of the above are correct.
Question 13The most suitable description of career development is
a professional relationship in which a counselor works with a client to promote his/her career development.
the lifelong processes shaping one’s career.
a specific duty or undertaking.
purposeful activity that produces something of value.
Question 14Motivation is _________.
the method and practice of teaching
the drive to engage in an action or activity
the acquisition of new knowledge, skills, behaviors, or values
the mental activity whereby something is encoded, stored, and later retrieved
Question 15What is pedagogy?
Metacognition
The activity of teaching
The method and practice of teaching
The activity of learning meaningful information
Question 16Which of the following statements best defines executive coaching?
It involves helping people create plans for achieving career goals while also providing support and encouragement.
It is a sequence of work activities over the course of a person’s life.
It involves helping higher-level managers identify strengths and areas for growth in leading their companies.
It consists of activities that help people prepare for, and succeed at, career development tasks.
Question 17Career can be defined as __________, whereas work can be defined as __________.
the sequence of work activities over the course of a person’s life; purposeful activity that produces something of value
a collection of tasks, often associated with a specific title and setting; the sequence of work activities over the course of a person’s life
a collection of tasks, often associated with a specific title and setting; one’s decision to begin a particular activity or future plan
purposeful activity that produces something of value; the sequence of work activities over the course of a person’s life
Question 18Parsons (1909) pioneered a three-step process for helping people find suitable jobs. Which of the following is NOT one of the steps?
Develop tests to measure workers’ emotions.
Study individual abilities and traits.
Develop a match between the world of work and individual abilities and traits.
Survey the world of work.
Question 19According to your textbook learning relies on all these internal processes with the exception of __________.
sensation and perception
cognition (including memory and thinking)
motivation
curriculum
Question 20Learning is __________, whereas memory is __________.
the acquisition of new knowledge, skills, behaviors, or values; the mental activity whereby information is encoded, stored, and later retrieved
the awareness and control of one’s own thinking and knowledge; the acquisition of new knowledge, skills, behaviors, or values
the mental activity whereby information is encoded, stored, and later retrieved; awareness and control of one’s own thinking and knowledge
the mental activity whereby information is encoded, stored, and later retrieved; the loss of new knowledge, skills, behaviors, or values
ABS200 Introduction to Applied Behavioral Sciences
Week 5 Quiz
Question 1Which of the following statements is FALSE?
Industrial/organizational psychology is a comprehensive database of occupational information.
Organizational psychology focuses on group- and organizational-level phenomena.
Industrial psychology focuses on individual-level phenomena in the workplace.
Industrial/organizational psychology is the scientific study of the workplace.
Question 2Which of the following is not one of the three main objectives of sport psychology?
optimal experience in sport
optimal performance
optimal development
optimal research
Question 3 Exercise psychology, which is defined as __________, is a sub-field of __________.
the scientific understanding of how behavioral principles are related to physical health and illness; sport psychology
the study of the behavioral antecedents and consequences of acute and chronic exercise; health psychology
the scientific study of people and their behaviors in sport and exercise contexts and the practical application of that knowledge; health psychology
the study of how our bodies’ structures and functions are altered when exposed to acute and chronic bouts of exercise; exercise physiology
Question 4A view of management that values human beings as strategic assets with enduring value to the organization is called
social recruiting.
scientific management.
human capital.
evidence-based management.
Question 5Which of the following properties does NOT describe mastery motivational climate?
It focuses on self-improvement.
It focuses on the task instead of the outcome.
It is associated with adaptive motivational patterns, such as positive attitudes, increased effort, and effective learning strategies.
It is linked to low persistence, low effort, and attributions of failures to low ability.
Question 6Which of the following is NOT listed as an organizational stressor in the textbook?
interpersonal conflicts
role ambiguity
salary/funding issues
lack of physical/mental preparation
Question 7Which of the following is UNLIKELY to be a sub-field of industrial/organizational psychology?
human factors psychology
personnel psychology
organizational psychology
evolutionary psychology
Question 8Which does NOT apply to achievement goal theory?
Ego-oriented persons focus on beating others (other comparison).
Mastery-oriented individuals focus on personal improvement (self-comparison).
It is a theory that attempts to account for individual differences in human motivation.
People are either intrinsically motivated or extrinsically motivated.
Question 9Which of the following statements does NOT describe the assumptions of scientific management?
Workers’ viewpoints need to be heard to ensure welfare and satisfaction.
Employees’ behavior at work needs to be managed through incentives and threats.
Employees’ skills, knowledge, and abilities need to fit job demands.
Employees are a commodity that needs to be managed and controlled.
Question 10__________ is known as __________.
Sport psychology; the scientific understanding of how behavioral principles are related to physical health and illness
Motor learning; the influence of spectators on performance
Social facilitation; the use of mental practice to learn skills
Kinesiology; the study of human movement
Question 11Counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) are
behaviors that employees express outside the workplace that do not meet job expectations.
employees’ behaviors that illustrate disengagement and cynicism.
employees’ behaviors that precisely meet job expectations as set by management.
actions of employees who are satisfied, engaged, and committed.
Question 12Arousal is
characterized by nervousness, worry, and apprehension.
always perceived as uncomfortable or unpleasant.
a negative emotional state.
a blend of physiological and psychological activity that varies along a continuum.
The answer can be found in the section entitled “Anxiety and Arousal”
Question 13The primary motivation of __________ is to seek out appreciation of others. In a competitive race, they __________.
rejection-threatened individuals; react differently to the same situation
rejection-threatened individuals; perform best as part of a relay team
approval-oriented individuals; perform best as part of a relay team
approval-oriented individuals; react differently to the same situation
The answer can be found in the section entitled “Interactional Approach”
Question 14__________ involves creating an anxiety hierarchy from the least to the most stressful situations.
Biofeedback
Systematic desensitization
Autogenic training
Breath control
Question 15As a director of human resources, Diana is often asked to review the performance evaluations of a variety of employees. For each employee, Diana receives a document containing all comments made independently by supervisors during the past year. Comments are organized according to a standard list of criteria. Measures of attendance (e.g., number of excused and unexcused absences and instances of lateness) are always at the end of the list, and a summary page follows. Diana notices that measures of attendance are the most frequently mentioned criteria in supervisors’ summaries. This pattern may be an instance of
the halo effect.
recency bias.
social desirability.
similarity bias.
Question 16Which statement does NOT refer to Hanin’s notion of zones of optimal functioning (1997)?
Some athletes’ optimal zones may be at low levels of anxiety, others at moderate levels, and still others at high levels.
Different athletes may have different optimal levels of anxiety.
Although each athlete has an optimal level of anxiety, performance is unaffected by it.
Athletes’ zones of optimal functioning are related to their performance in sports.
Question 17According to the __________, behavior is codetermined by both personality traits and environmental/situational factors.
interactional approach
situational approach
notion of personality states
notion of personality traits
Question 18I/O psychology theories have informed the design of tests and other measures of many work-related attitudes such as
reading ability, mathematical skills, and oral and written communication skills.
incentives, emotional intelligence, frustration tolerance, and patience.
job satisfaction, work engagement, organizational commitment, and cynicism.
None of the above is correct.
Question 19Which of the following terms specifically refers to the degree to which members of a group work together to achieve common goals, such as at a league championship?
task cohesion
You Answered
group cohesion
social cohesion
group dynamics
Question 20Which of the following terms is specifically related to the phenomenon of social loafing?
Ringlemann effect
collective sense of identity
distinctive roles
social cohesiveness
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