Sampling Applications
Sampling Applications
Prior to beginning work on this discussion forum, view the Sampling video by clicking the image below.
This video discusses sampling in the context of how estimates of population parameters are obtained. It refers to the What Is an Average? (Links to an external site.) video, where they obtained an “average of 1.89 feet per person” using a sample of a group of playground-bound kids plus a one-legged man who was asked to show up. They concluded that the sample was a bad one and that random sampling would be a better way of obtaining a representative sample to be confident that the sample statistic is a good estimate of the population parameter.
Respond to one of the following options in your initial post, citing at least one specific credible source in support. Question on credible sources? See the resource Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Source (Links to an external site.)
Option 1
Identify three ways professionals use statistics in their fields.
Go deeper with one, and provide a specific example of how a manger in your field might organize a study and leverage the results to positively influence customer or public perception.
Remember to cite your sources.
Option 2: Magazines often report surveys giving statistics such as, “63% of women expect the man to pay on the first date.”
Determine whether these are random samples.
Briefly discuss in the context of a specific example.
Remember to cite your sources.
Option 3
Discuss whether all good samples are random.
Briefly elaborate in the context of a specific example related to your field.
Remember to cite your sources.
Your initial post should be at least 200 words in length.
MAT232 Statistical Literacy
Week 2 Discussion
Assess Graphs Critically
Prior to beginning work on this discussion forum, view the Variation 1: Introduction and Quartiles video by clicking the image below (Links to an external site.).
In this video, the professor discusses how sometimes what is interesting about a data set is not its average but how much it varies. He compares the weather in New York and San Francisco, which have similar average annual temperatures, even though New York has hot summers and cold winters and San Francisco has similar temperatures year-round. Quartiles as a measure of variation are explored by using the price of food on take-out menus.
Respond to one of the following options in your initial post, citing at least one specific credible source in support. Question on credible sources? See the Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources (Links to an external site.).
Option 1
Other than temperature, state three examples where similar averages are associated with very different distributions.
Go deeper with one, and discuss how that might work in more detail.
Option 2
State one practical use of variation related to health statistics.
Briefly discuss its implications.
Option 3: For many years, the New York subway had no air conditioning on the grounds that the average trip was only 15 minutes, and 15 minutes without air conditioning is no hardship, even in the New York summer.
Critique this reasoning.
Your initial post should be at least 200 words in length.
MAT232 Statistical Literacy
Week 3 Discussion
Measures of Central Tendency
Prior to beginning work on this discussion forum, view the video, When Should You Use a Mean and When Should You Use a Median? by clicking the image below.
This video focuses on when to use a mean and when to use a median. When data all have similar values, such as housing prices of similar-sized houses on the same block, then the mean is an appropriate measure, but if the value of one residence is 50 times as high as the others, then the median gives a better description of a typical value than the mean.
However, you want to get away from the idea that the data, and only the data, drives the choice of descriptive statistics. The example is given that, if you wanted to buy all the houses in Brooklyn, if you took the median, and multiplied by the number of houses, you wouldn’t have enough cash. So, the median is a useful descriptive statistic, but the mean is essential for planning and making decisions.
Respond to one of the following options in your initial post, citing at least one specific credible source in support. Question on credible sources? See the Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources (Links to an external site.).
Option 1: Find an article that mentions a new drug that promises an improved survival rate.
Identify whether this rate represents the mean or the median of the data set.
Assess whether that is ideally what you’d want to know for this data.
Provide a specific reason for your answer.
Option 2: For this option, consider a normal distribution.
Decide whether you should use the median or mean to best describe the data set.
Determine whether the standard deviation or the interquartile range are relevant factors.
Briefly discuss in the context of a specific example.
Option 3: Respond to the following questions.
If the median house price is $1.9 million, does that necessarily mean that half of the houses on the block are worth less than $1.9 million and half are worth more?
How do ties figure in?
Give an example that includes 8 to 12 data points.
Your initial post should be at least 200 words in length.
MAT232 Statistical Literacy
Week 4 Discussion
The Normal Distribution and the Central Limit Theorem
Prior to beginning work on this discussion forum, view the The Normal Distribution video by clicking the image below.
This video explains what the normal distribution is and gives examples of normal distributions in the natural and social world. The distribution of the number of heads thrown on 20 coins, the weight of ants, and the age of marathon runners are all approximately normal distributions. Thus, the normal distribution is what often happens when we chart a large number of random events.
Respond to one of the following options in your initial post, citing at least one specific credible source in support. Question on credible sources? See the Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources (Links to an external site.).
Option 1
Determine whether there is any link between the normal distribution and Variation 2: Standard Deviation (With a Digression on Eggroulette) (Links to an external site.) where we relied on statements such as “about two-thirds of observations are within one standard deviation of the mean.”
Briefly discuss.
Option 2
State an example of a variable that follows a normal distribution.
State one way knowing this is useful in your professional or personal life.
Briefly elaborate on your example.
Option 3
Identify the minimum number of data points needed to generate a normal distribution.
Create a data set of that size, and show that it meets the first three conditions for a Normal Distribution in section 5.1 on page 164 of the text.
Your initial post should be at least 200 words in length.
MAT232 Statistical Literacy
Week 5 Discussion
Scatterplots and Regression Models
Prior to beginning work on this discussion forum, view the Statistics Is About People, Even if You Can’t See the Tears video by clicking the image below.
The video makes the point that though nobody wants to think that they are a statistic, acting as if you are a statistic can help you make better decisions. That said, statisticians should never forget that the numbers they analyze correspond to real people, who have friends, relatives, and stories to tell.
Respond to one of the following options in your initial post, citing at least one specific credible source in support. Question on credible sources? See the Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources (Links to an external site.).
Option 1: The experience of taking this course may have impacted your way of looking at statistics and charts you encounter in your professional and personal life.
Assess where you were in the beginning of the course in terms of your knowledge and skill set and whether your critical thinking skills have increased during this class and provide an example to support your response.
Be sure to mention how you might use the skills not only in your future college classes but also in your chosen profession.
From this example, pull out specific skills you have acquired that could be listed on a resume or included in a LinkedIn profile.
Option 2: The reason so many of us now live long and healthy lives is due to statistical analyses of health data.
Provide a specific example in which statistical analyses have had a significant impact on how we live our lives.
Briefly elaborate on its impact.
Option 3: Respond to the following questions.
Why do you think statistics often has a bad name?
Why do you think people often feel that “the statistics do not apply to me”?
Has your increased knowledge of statistics changed your attitude or behavior?
Briefly discuss your changed attitude or behavior the context of a specific example.
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