A person is socially withdrawn, speaks in odd ways, has strange ideas, and expresses little emotion, but is not displaying full-blown schizophrenic symptoms.
A person is socially withdrawn, speaks in odd ways, has strange ideas, and expresses little emotion, but is not displaying full-blown schizophrenic symptoms. What phase of schizophrenia is this person in?
prodromal
active
residual
either prodromal or residual
QuestionPatients are more likely to recover from schizophrenia if they:
had hallucinations but no delusions.
showed delusions
but no hallucinations.
demonstrated good premorbid functioning.
had primarily negative rather than positive signs.
Question
Delia does not display all the full-blown schizophrenia symptoms any more. Occasionally, a shadow of a symptom appears. She is a bit withdrawn and not entirely clear all the time, but she can marginally function in the world. This is an example of schizophrenia.
residual
catatonic
paranoid
undifferentiated
Question
Which of the following is not related to a fuller recovery from schizophrenia?
good prodromal functioning
schizophrenia initially triggered by stress
schizophrenia developing in early life
an abrupt beginning to the disorder
QuestionAn individual appears to have recovered completely from schizophrenia. Most likely, that person is a:
45-year-old whose symptom onset was very rapid.
45-year-old whose symptom onset was gradual.
21-year-old whose symptom onset was very rapid.
21-year-old whose symptom onset was gradual.
Question
One with schizophrenia who was mute, statuelike, and failed to participate in the hospital routine is most likely experiencing schizophrenia.
disorganized
catatonic
paranoid
undifferentiated
QuestionOne with schizophrenia who is unusually silly, engages in odd mannerisms, and grimaces is most likely experiencing schizophrenia.
disorganized
catatonic
paranoid
undifferentiated
Question
Jerry suffers from extremely disrupted thought processes and severe perceptual disturbances. He also displays odd mannerisms, silliness, and has difficulty communicating. He is most likely suffering from schizophrenia.
residual
paranoid
catatonic
disorganized
Question
Olive is hospitalized. She spends most of her time frozen in place. When she is moved by a nurse or physician, she remains in the position she is put into. This is an example of
schizophrenia.
catatonic
paranoid
disorganized
undifferentiated
QuestionA person with schizophrenia experiences less frequent emotional outbursts than before, and is beginning to participate somewhat in family get-togethers; however, some symptoms persist. Most likely, this person’s diagnosis is:
paranoid type.
residual phase.
undifferentiated type.
unorganized phase.
Question One with schizophrenia whose life is taken over by an elaborate system of delusions and auditory hallucinations is most likely experiencing schizophrenia.
disorganized
catatonic
paranoid
undifferentiated
Question A common symptom of paranoid schizophrenia is:
auditory hallucinations.
psychomotor disturbance.
affect that is cool and aloof.
loose associations and neologisms.
QuestionAccording to the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia:
people with a biological predisposition for schizophrenia will develop it if certain psychosocial stressors are also present.
people with certain psychosocial stressors will develop schizophrenia in the absence of a biological predisposition.
biological predispositions for schizophrenia override any evidence for the importance of psychosocial stressors.
people with certain biological predispositions will develop schizophrenia in the absence of psychosocial stressors.
QuestionThe data from twin studies have revealed that:
schizophrenia is 100% genetically transmitted.
there is no important genetic component in schizophrenia.
schizophrenia has a strong genetic component.
all types of twins have a relatively low concordance rate for schizophrenia.
Question
Which of the following statements about genetic factors in schizophrenia is accurate?
Close relatives of schizophrenics are more likely to be schizophrenic than distant relatives of schizophrenics.
Fraternal twins have a higher concordance rate for schizophrenia than do identical twins.
Schizophrenics who have been adopted are more like their adoptive parents than like their biological parents.
Recent family studies eliminate the confounding of environment and genetics.
Question
Based on family pedigree studies, which relative of an individual with a diagnosis of schizophrenia would be most at risk for developing the disorder?
niece
sister
father
grandson
Question What is the rate of concordance for schizophrenia in identical twins?
2–5%
15–18%
40–50%
70–80%
Question What is the rate of concordance for schizophrenia in fraternal twins?
2–5%
15–18%
40–50%
70–80%
Question If schizophrenia depended solely on genetic make-up, then compared to siblings in general, “fraternal” twins should have:
four times the concordance rate for schizophrenia.
twice the concordance rate for schizophrenia.
the same concordance rate for schizophrenia.
half the concordance rate for schizophrenia.
Question Recent research shows that if one identical twin develops schizophrenia, there is about a 50% chance the other twin will develop schizophrenia. If future research confirms this finding, we will have evidence of:
a strong genetic component of schizophrenia.
a strong environmental component of schizophrenia.
strong environmental and strong genetic components of schizophrenia.
a single, strong “schizophrenia gene.”
Question The data from studies of the biological and adoptive parents of children who receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia as adults show that the concordance rate of schizophrenia with biological relatives is:
lower than with adoptive relatives.
higher than with adoptive relatives.
a direct function of the age of adoption.
equally low with both biological and adoptive relatives.
Question
Which of the following is the best example of a finding from genetic linkage and molecular biology studies?
The brains of schizophrenics are structured differently from the brains of those without schizophrenia.
Schizophrenics process certain neurotransmitters differently from those without schizophrenia.
Defects of certain chromosomes predispose one to schizophrenia.
Biological relatives of schizophrenics are at greatest risk for schizophrenia.
QuestionFor the first two weeks after starting college, a student can’t seem to talk coherently, and is generally unresponsive to the moods of other students in the same dorm. Soon thereafter, the student resumes normal patterns of speaking and social interaction. This is an example of:
schizoaffective disorder.
catatonic schizophrenia.
schizophreniform disorder.
brief psychotic disorder.
Question A middle-aged individual shows many of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and at the same time, often appears profoundly depressed. The symptoms have lasted almost a year. This is an example of:
shared psychotic disorder.
undifferentiated type of schizophrenia.
schizophreniform disorder.
schizoaffective disorder.
Question A person acts extremely jealous all the time, and complains bitterly whenever other people appear to be getting more attention. This had been going on for a couple of months, and the person shows no other substantial symptoms. The best diagnosis—assuming, of course, the extreme jealousy has no basis in fact—is:
delusional disorder.
schizophreniform disorder.
paranoid schizophrenia.
brief psychotic disorder.
Question
If the dopamine hypothesis provides an accurate explanation of the cause of schizophrenia, one would expect that a drug that was effective against Parkinson’s disease symptoms might:
be an antipsychotic.
have no effect on psychotic behavior.
put the patient at risk for psychotic symptoms.
decrease the amount of dopamine in certain areas of the brain.
Question Which of the following best supports the dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia?
Like those with Parkinsonism, schizophrenics have unusually low levels of dopamine.
Antipsychotic drugs often produce Parkinson-like symptoms.
Antipsychotic drugs increase the rate of firing at dopamine receptor sites.
Dopamine levels vary across the different kinds of schizophrenia.
Question The parent of a young adult diagnosed with schizophrenia says, “You know what, I can hear those voices now, too! They’re telling me I should have believed you all along.” If the parent is sincere in making this comment, the parent may be experiencing:
shared psychotic disorder.
schizoaffective disorder.
schizophreniform disorder.
familial psychotic disorder.
Question Researchers found that phenothiazines reduced psychotic symptoms but also caused Parkinsonian symptoms (e.g., tremor). This discovery suggests that:
schizophrenia masks Parkinson’s disease.
schizophrenia is tied to excessive dopamine.
excessive dopamine is tied to Parkinson’s disease.
schizophrenia causes the synthesis of excessive amounts of dopamine.
Question If a person receives the chemical L-dopa, a precursor of dopamine, it reduces the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. It also sometimes increases symptoms of schizophrenia. What might one conclude from this?
L-dopa causes schizophrenia.
Excessive dopamine produces schizophrenic symptoms.
Antipsychotic medication decreases the amount of L-dopa in the brain.
Antipsychotic medication increases the amount of dopamine in the brain.
Question A mother experiences “baby blues” shortly after delivering a child. The chances that she later will develop postpartum psychosis are closest to:
1 in 2.
1 in 10.
1 in 100.
1 in 1,000.
Question A woman has just been diagnosed with postpartum depression. Most likely, she will: neither progress to postpartum psychosis, nor physically harm her child. progress to postpartum psychosis, but will not physically harm her child.
not progress to postpartum psychosis,
but will physically harm her child.
progress to postpartum psychosis,
and will physically harm her child.
Question Which of the following statements about postpartum psychosis is most accurate?
It affects less than 1% of women who have given birth, and is unpredictable.
It affects less than 1% of women who have given birth, and is more common among women with a history of affective disorder.
It affects about 2% of women who have given birth, and is unpredictable.
It affects about 2% of women who have given birth, and is more common among women with a history of affective disorder.
Question Postpartum psychosis occurs:
in less than 1% of women, beginning soon after childbirth.
in about 2% of women, beginning soon after childbirth.
in less than 1% of women beginning 1–2 years after childbirth.
in about 2% of women, beginning 1–2 years after childbirth.
Question The link between dopamine and schizophrenia is supported by the finding that:
antipsychotic drugs bind to dopamine receptors.
the use of L-dopa can reduce schizophrenic symptoms.
antipsychotic drugs can block Parkinsonian symptoms.
dopamine-receiving synapses in schizophrenic persons are apparently inactive.
QuestionA new medication for schizophrenia appears to work because it blocks dopamine from binding to a receptor. The new medication functions as:
a dopamine production inhibitor.
a dopamine antagonist.
a D-1 enhancer.
a D-2 enhancer.
Question A person experiencing lycanthropy derives special meaning from the phases of the moon, and believes the moon indicates when to have lycanthropic episodes. This is most similar to which symptom of schizophrenia?
clang
neologisms
delusions of reference
blunted or flat affect
Question A person experiencing lycanthropy derives special meaning from the phases of the moon, and believes the moon indicates when to have lycanthropic episodes. Those lycanthropic episodes are most likely to include:
delusions of grandeur involving a religious savior.
acting like a werewolf.
behaving like a giant or a dwarf.
eating normally disgusting substances.
Question Recently the dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia has been challenged because it has been discovered that:
effective new drugs suggest abnormal neurotransmitter activity of serotonin as well as dopamine.
excessive dopamine activity contributes to only some kinds of schizophrenia.
atypical antipsychotic drugs work exclusively on dopamine receptors.
catatonic schizophrenics respond better to atypical than to traditional antipsychotic drugs.
Question
You have found enlarged ventricles during a postmortem analysis on a sample of brain tissue. This is most likely to be evidence of:
conversion disorder.
schizophrenia involving mainly positive symptoms.
schizophrenia involving mainly negative symptoms.
schizophreniform disorder.
Question Regarding brain structure, those with schizophrenia have been found to have all of the following except:
abnormal blood flow to the brain.
smaller frontal lobes than nonschizophrenics.
larger amounts of cortical gray matter.
enlarged ventricles.
Question An individual’s brain contains more than the average amount of cerebrospinal fluid. This is a sign associated with:
an unusually low likelihood of experiencing schizophrenia.
an average likelihood of experiencing schizophrenia.
an above-average likelihood of experiencing schizophrenia.
a virtual certainty of experiencing schizophrenia.
Question The finding that the highest rates of schizophrenia are found among people who are born during the winter supports which theory of schizophrenia?
viral theory
genetic theory
dopamine theory
biochemical theory
Question The viral explanation for schizophrenia suggests that brain abnormalities, and therefore schizophrenia, result from viral exposure:
before birth.
between birth and two years old.
during puberty.
during the two years just after puberty.
QuestionA brain scan shows that a person with poor social skills has large ventricles and higher- than-usual blood flow in the brain. Based upon this information, your best guess would be that the person has:
about an average chance of being diagnosed with schizophrenia.
an above-average chance of being diagnosed with schizophrenia involving either negative or positive symptoms.
an above-average chance of being diagnosed with schizophrenia involving negative symptoms.
an above-average chance of being diagnosed with schizophrenia involving positive symptoms.
Question Since 1950, interest in psychological explanations for schizophrenia (as opposed to genetic and biological explanations) has:
decreased, then increased.
increased, then decreased.
decreased steadily.
stayed about the same.
QuestionFreud thought that schizophrenia developed because inadequate parents caused their children to:
regress to a state of primary narcissism.
develop unnecessarily harsh superego control.
give up any attempts to reestablish ego control.
become excessively concerned with the needs of others.
Question According to Freud, schizophrenic people:
regress to the anal period.
are the victims of double-bind communication.
regress to a pre-ego state of primary narcissism.
receive a label that influences them to behave in a schizophrenic manner.
Question According to Freudian psychodynamic interpretation, people who develop schizophrenia regress to a state of:
secondary denial.
primary narcissism.
primary process thought.
secondary thought processing.
Question According to Fromm-Reichmann, schizophrenogenic mothers would be most likely to:
genuinely self-sacrifice for their children.
regress to a pre-ego level of functioning.
be both overprotecting and rejecting of their children.
be schizophrenic themselves.
Question According to Frieda Fromm-Reichmann, schizophrenia is caused by:
an excess of dopamine.
a schizophrenegenic mother.
regression to a stage of primary narcissism.
an inadequately learned discrimination for cues that convey emotion.
Question A psychodynamic theorist of the 21st century is most likely to say:
“Fromm-Reichmann was right; schizophrenegenic mothers cause most cases of schizophrenia.”
“Fromm-Reichmann was wrong; schizophrenegenic teachers cause most cases of schizophrenia.”
“Extreme regression can lead to biological abnormalities.” “Biological abnormalities can lead to extreme regression.”
Question You hear a professor use the term “schizophrenogenic family” in a discussion of causes of schizophrenia. You can be pretty sure that the professor is describing a:
psychodynamic factor strongly supported by research.
psychodynamic factor largely unsupported by research.
cognitive-behavioral factor strongly supported by research.
cognitive-behavioral factor largely unsupported by research.
Question The cognitive view of schizophrenia is based on the assumption that schizophrenics experience strange and unreal sensations:
then tell their friends and family, who deny the reality of the sensations.
and misinterpret them as “normal.”
that have no basis in biology.
confirmed by their schizophrenic mothers.
Question Occasionally, you see or hear things. Your friends tell you it’s your imagination. Eventually you come to think your friends are hiding something and you develop delusions of persecution to explain their behavior. This thinking leads you down the “rational road to madness.” This scenario is consistent with the view.
cognitive
behavioral
existential
psychodynamic
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