Mesoderm gives rise to muscle, bone, and blood.
1. Mesoderm gives rise to muscle, bone, and blood. True False
2. Columnar cells lining the small intestine have a brush border of microvilli on the apical surface.
True False
3. Nonkeratinized cells exfoliate from the surface of the skin. True False
4. In an epithelium, there is almost no extracellular matrix.
True False
5. The clear gel that usually surrounds cells is called interstitial fluid. True False
6. Fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs.
True False
7. Blood consists of cells and a ground substance made of formed elements. True False
8. Plasma cells produce the ground substance that forms the matrix of connective tissues.
True False
9. Excitable cells respond to outside stimuli by means of changes in plasma membrane shape. True False
10. Smooth and cardiac muscles are under involuntary control.
True False
11. Dendrites in a neuron send outgoing signals to other cells. True False
12. Desmosomes are more effective than tight junctions in preventing substances from passing between cells. True False
13. The duct of an endocrine gland leads into the bloodstream rather than onto an epithelial surface. True False
14. The secretory product of a gland is produced by its parenchyma, not its stroma.
True False
15. Scar tissue helps to hold an organ together but does not restore normal function of the damaged tissue. True False
Multiple Choice Questions
16. The four primary tissue types found in adult organs include all of the following except tissue.
A. connective
B. fibrous
C. nervous
D. epithelial
E. muscular
17. The gives rise to the .
A. mesoderm; digestive glands
B. endoderm; muscular system and skeletal system
C. ectoderm; nervous system and epidermis
D. endoderm; mesoderm
E. mesoderm; endoderm
18. The clear gel inside a cell is called .
A. matrix
B. ground substance
C. interstitial fluid
D. cytosol
E. tissue fluid
19. A thin, stained slice of tissue mounted on a microscope is called a .
A. fixative
B. histological section
C. sprea d
D. stain
E. smear
20. The histological section that divides a specimen along its long axis is called a(n) section.
A. cross
B. oblique
C. transverse
D. sagittal
E. longitudinal
21. The covering of body surfaces and the lining of body cavities is composed of tissue.
A. interstitial
B. muscle
C. adipose
D. epithelial
E. nervous
22. An epithelium whose cells are tall and narrow, with each one touching the basement membrane and reaching the apical surface, is called epithelium.
A. stratified squamous
B. stratified cuboidal
C. simple cuboidal
D. simple columnar
E. pseudostratified columnar
23. The basement membrane is found between and .
A. epithelium; connective tissue
B. epithelium; extracellular material
C. epithelium; intracellular material
D. extracellular material; intracellular material
E. interstitial fluid; extracellular fluid
24. Rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs takes place through
epithelium.
A. simple squamous
B. simple cuboidal
C. simple columnar
D. keratinized stratified squamous
E. nonkeratinized stratified squamous
25. Most kidney tubules are made of epithelial tissue, which is specialized for absorption and secretion.
A. simple columnar
B. stratified columnar
C. pseudostratified columnar
D. simple cuboidal
E. stratified cuboidal
26. epithelium is the most widespread epithelium in the body, whereas epithelium is rare.
A. Simple columnar; stratified columnar
B. Stratified squamous; stratified columnar
C. Pseudostratified; stratified squamous
D. Simple cuboidal; stratified squamous
E. Stratified squamous; simple squamous
27. Some simple columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelia have cells, which produce a protective mucous coating over the mucous membranes.
A. fibrous
B. blood
C. basal
D. keratinized
E. goblet
28. A brush border of microvilli is found in epithelium, which can be found in the .
A. pseudostratified; nasal cavity
B. simple cuboidal; esophagus
C. simple columnar; small intestine
D. stratified squamous; anal canal
E. stratified squamous; esophagus
29. All cells in epithelium reach the basement membrane, but only cells that reach the free surface have cilia.
A. pseudostratified columnar
B. simple columnar
C. stratified columnar
D. stratified cuboidal
E. stratified squamous
30. Found in the urinary bladder, epithelium resembles epithelium, but the apical cells are rounded, not flattened.
A. transitional; stratified squamous
B. stratified squamous; pseudostratified
C. stratified squamous; stratified columnar
D. simple columnar; pseudostratified
E. transitional; simple cuboidal
31. epithelium provides a moist and slippery surface and is well suited to resist stress, as seen in the .
A. Transitional; tongue
B. Keratinized; tongue
C. Nonkeratinized; skin
D. Keratinized; skin
E. Nonkeratinized; vagina
32. epithelium is associated with rapid transport of substances through a membrane, whereas
epithelium is associated with resistance to abrasion.
A. Simple columnar; transitional
B. Simple squamous; stratified squamous
C. Simple cuboidal; pseudostratified
D. Pseudostratified; simple squamous
E. Pseudostratified; simple cuboidal
33. Which of the following is not a feature that almost all connective tissues have in common?
A. Most cells are not in direct contact with each other.
B. Ground substance is so scarce that it is not visible with a light microscope.
C. Cells usually occupy less space than the extracellular material.
D. Protein fibers are usually present in the ground substance.
E. Most connective tissues are highly vascular.
34. An example of a highly vascular tissue is tissue. An example of a tissue that is not highly vascular is .
A. epithelial; cartilage
B. muscular; osseous tissue
C. dense regular connective; dense irregular connective tissue
D. areolar; cartilage
E. nervous; osseous tissue
35. Which of the following is not a feature that connective tissues have in common?
A. Very conspicuous fibers
B. The presence of fibroblasts
C. The presence of collagen
D. Ground substance with a gelatinous to rubbery consistency
E. A calcified matrix
36. The shape of a person’s external ear is due to the presence of .
A. dense regular connective tissue
B. dense irregular connective tissue
C. elastic cartilage
D. fibrocartilage
E. ligaments
37. Which of the following is not a type of fibrous connective tissue?
A. Reticular tissue
B. Hyaline cartilage
C. Dense regular connective tissue
D. Dense irregular connective tissue
E. Areolar tissue
38. New triglycerides are constantly being synthesized and stored, while others are hydrolyzed andreleased into the circulation by the cells found in .
A. blood
B. fibrous connective tissue
C. adipose tissue
D. reticular tissue
E. transitional tissue
39. The rubbery matrix of cartilage is secreted by , whereas produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue.
A. chondroblasts; plasma cells
B. mast cells; fibroblasts
C. osteocytes; chondroblasts
D. chondroblasts; fibroblasts
E. adipocytes; plasma cells
40. Marfan syndrome is a hereditary defect of elastin fibers. People with this syndrome have .
A. hyperextensible joints
B. a small cranium
C. elastic bones
D. stronger bones
E. viscous blood
41. Which of the following does not account for the gelatinous consistency of connective tissue ground substance?
A. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
B. Proteoglycans
C. Chondroitin sulfate
D. Hyaluronic acid
E. Collagen
42. Collagenous fibers are very abundant in .
A. blood and hyaline cartilage
B. blood, adipose tissue, and osseous tissue
C. ligaments, bones, and the most superficial portion of the skin
D. tendons, ligaments, and the deeper portion of the skin
E. areolar tissue, tongue, and bones
43. Fibroblasts and protein fibers are associated with both and .
A. dense regular; dense irregular connective tissues
B. plasma; formed elements
C. elastic cartilage; hyaline cartilage
D. spongy bone; compact (dense) bone
E. adipose tissue; reticular tissue
44. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) help give the ground substance some of its qualities, including .
A. helping to transfer charges in the nervous system
B. holding water and maintaining electrolyte balance
C. giving bone its brittle, inorganic structure
D. providing the major structural support of tendons and ligaments
E. acting as an energy reserve for muscle contraction
45. Blood functions to .
A. allow for heart contraction and relaxation
B. store energy for the heart
C. provide support to the heart
D. line the heart chambers
E. transport nutrients to the tissues
46. exhibits a lot of apparently empty space, and is found in many serous membranes.
A. Blood
B. Areolar tissue
C. Osseous tissue
D. Dense irregular connective tissue
E. Adipose tissue
47. tissues respond quickly to outside stimuli by means of changes in membrane potential.
A. Excitable
B. Responsive
C. Adipose
D. Epithelial
E. Connective
48. Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and .
A. fibroblasts
B. chondrocytes
C. neuroglia
D. myocytes
E. osteocytes
49. Astronauts in zero gravity are able to move food through their digestive tracts because .
A. smooth muscle produces waves of contractions that propel material through the digestive tract
B. skeletal muscle puts pressure on the digestive tract
C. cardiac muscle maintains a high pressure that moves material through the digestive tract
D. striated muscle creates a pressure gradient that forces material from one end of the digestive tract tothe other
E. skeletal muscle sphincters contract and allow materials to move through the digestive tract
50. Skeletal muscle is described as .
A. striated and voluntary
B. striated and involuntary
C. nonstriated and voluntary
D. nonstriated and involuntary
E. fibrous and containing ground substance
51. A connective tissue fiber refers to a(n) , a nerve fiber refers to a(n) , and a muscle fiber refers to a(n) .
A. entire cell; organelle; tissue
B. organelle; entire cell; part of a cell
C. organelle; entire cell; complex of macromolecules
D. complex of macromolecules; entire cell; part of a cell
E. complex of macromolecules; part of a cell; entire cell
52. In the intestine, ensure(s) that most digested nutrients pass through the epithelial cells and not between them.
A. the plasma membrane
B. desmosomes
C. tight junctions
D. gap (communicating) junctions
E. ground substance
53. secrete into .
A. Goblet cells; mucus; the blood
B. Endocrine glands; hormones; ducts
C. Exocrine glands; hormones; ducts
D. Endocrine glands; hormones; the blood
E. Exocrine glands; mucus; the blood
54. Mucin is secreted by glands, which combines with water to form a thick and sticky product.
glands produce a relatively watery fluid.
A. mucous; serous
B. merocrine; holocrine
C. apocrine; mixed
D. endocrine; exocrine
E. serous; mucous
55. glands (such as tear glands) have vesicles that release their secretion via exocytosis.
glands (such as oil-producing glands) secrete a mixture of disintegrated cells and their products.
A. Endocrine; Exocrine
B. Mucous; Serous
C. Exocrine; Apocrine
D. Mucous; Cutaneous
E. Merocrine; Holocrine
56. Glands that have branched ducts and secretory cells that form sacs at one end of the ducts are classified as
glands.
A. areolar
B. simple acinar
C. simple coiled tubular
D. compound acinar
E. compound tubuloacinar
57. The membrane that lines the lumenal surfaces of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts consists o
A. simple squamous epithelium and dense irregular connective tissue
B. areolar and dense irregular connective tissue
C. epithelium and lamina propria
D. areolar tissue and lamina propria
E. simple squamous epithelium and areolar tissue
58. Most membranes are composed of two or three tissue types. However, an example of an exception is the
membrane.
A. mucous
B. serous
C. synovial
D. cutaneous
E. basement
59. The membrane that lines passageways that open to the exterior environment is called .
A. the lamina propria
B. endothelium
C. a synovial membrane
D. a serous membrane (serosa)
E. a mucous membrane (mucosa)
60. After six months of lifting weights at the gym, you notice that some of your muscles have increased in size. This increase in size is due to of muscle cells.
A. hyperplasia
B. neoplasia
C. hypertrophy
D. metaplasia
E. atrophy
61. The middle primary germ layer is called , which gives rise to a gelatinous material called
, which then gives rise to different types of connective tissue such as bone, cartilage, and blood.
A. ectoderm; stem cells
B. mesoderm; mesenchyme
C. endoderm; mesenchyme
D. mesoderm; fibroblasts
E. ectoderm; mesenchyme
62. Most biologists see embryonic stem (ES) cells as a possible treatment for diseases that result from theloss of functional cells. This possibility is based on the fact that ES cells are stem cells.
A. unipotent
B. multipotent
C. pluripotent
D. totipotent
E. omnipotent
63. The pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the bronchi in smokers may transform into stratified squamous epithelium. This is an example of .
A. neoplasia
B. metaplasia
C. atrophy
D. differentiation
E. hyperplasia
64. With regard to the healing of a skin wound, macrophages .
A. release histamine to increase blood flow to the area
B. produce and secrete collagenous fibers
C. phagocytize and digest tissue debris
D. stimulate epithelial cells to multiply
E. make capillaries more permeable allowing white blood cells to migrate into the area
65. It is normal for breasts to shrink after lactation ceases. This is a consequence of in human breast cells.
A. necrosis
B. apoptosis
C. atrophy
D. infarction
E. gangrene
66. The replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue is called .
A. necrosis
B. apoptosis
C. gangren e
D. regeneration
E. fibrosis
True / False Questions
67. Connective tissues contain abundant cells that are on contact with one another. True False
68. Neurons are a major type of cell found in nervous tissue.
True False
69. Most growth in childhood is the result of hyperplasia. True False
70. Adult stem cells are usually pluripotent.
True False
71. The process of a cell changing types to respond to its environment is called neoplasia. True False
72. Rapid cell death caused by a complete cutting off of blood supply is called gangrene. True False
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