Minerals are organic elements extracted from the soil by plants.
The Chemistry of Life
1. Minerals are organic elements extracted from the soil by plants. True False
2. Molecules composed of two or more atoms are called compounds.
True False
3. Hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium are three isotopes of hydrogen. True False
4. Potassium, sodium, and chlorine are trace elements.
True False
5. Ionic bonds break apart in water more easily than covalent bonds do. True False
6. A solution is a mixture of two or more substances that are physically blended but not chemically
combined. True False
7. The pH of blood plasma is approximately 7.4, which is slightly acidic.
True False
8. The high heat capacity of water makes it a very ineffective coolant. True False
9. In an exchange reaction, covalent bonds are broken and new covalent bonds are formed.
True False
10. Chemical reactions in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones are called catabolic reactions.
True False
11. The opposite of a dehydration synthesis reaction is a hydrolysis reaction. True False
12. Unsaturated fatty acids have as much hydrogen as they can carry. True False
13. A dipeptide is a molecule with two peptide bonds.
True False
14. All amino acids have both a carboxyl group and an amino group attached to a central carbon. True False
15. ATP is the body’s most important form of long-term energy storage.
True False
Multiple Choice Questions
16. The most abundant element in the human body, by weight, is .
A. nitrogen
B. hydrogen
C. carbon
D. oxygen
E. calcium
17. Sodium has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic mass of 23. Sodium has .
A. 12 neutrons and 11 protons
B. 12 protons and 11 neutrons
C. 12 electrons and 11 neutrons
D. 12 protons and 11 electrons
E. 12 electrons and 11 protons
18. The chemical properties of an atom are determined by its .
A. protons
B. electrons
C. neutrons
D. protons and neutrons
E. particles
19. Na (atomic no. 11) reacts with Cl (atomic no. 17) to become stable. In the reaction, Na will , while Cl will .
A. accept one electron; give up one electron
B. give up one proton; accept one proton
C. share one electron with chlorine; share one electron with sodium
D. become an anion; become a cation
E. give up one electron; accept one electron
20. Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and an atomic mass of 16. How many valence electrons does it have?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8
E. 16
21. Oxygen has an atomic number of eight. When two oxygen atoms come together, they form a(n)
bond.
A. hydrogen
B. nonpolar covalent
C. polar covalent
D. ionic
E. Van der Waals
22. When table salt, sodium chloride (NaCl), is placed in water .
A. Na+ and Cl- form ionic bonds with each other
B. Na+ and Cl- form polar covalent bonds with each other
C. Na+ and Cl- form hydrogen bonds with water
D. Ionic bonds between Na+ and Cl- are broken
E. Na+ and Cl- become separated by their Van der Waals forces
23. The bonding properties of an atom are determined by its .
A. electrons
B. protons
C. positrons
D. neutrons
E. photons
24. What type of bond attracts one water molecule to another?
A. An ionic bond
B. A peptide bond
C. A hydrogen bond
D. A covalent bond
E. A hydrolytic bond
Check All That Apply Questions
25. Which of these is a cation? Check all that apply.
O2
K+
Na+
Ca2+
Cl-
Multiple Choice Questions
26. account for 98.5% of the body’s weight.
A. Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and chlorine
B. Carbon, oxygen, iron, sodium, potassium, and chlorine
C. Carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and chlorine
D. Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sodium, and potassium
E. Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus
27. differ from one another in their number of neutrons and atomic mass.
A. Cations
B. Anions
C. Isotopes
D. Electrolytes
E. Free radicals
28. When jumping into water you notice resistance. This resistance is caused by water’s .
A. adhesiveness
B. cohesiveness
C. hydrophobic tension
D. hydrophilic tension
E. osmotic equilibrium
29. Which of these is hydrophobic?
A. Glucose
B. K+
C. Cl-
D. Water
E. Fat
30. Blood contains NaCl, protein, and cells. The NaCl is in a(n) , the protein is in a(n)
, and the cells are in a .
A. emulsion; solution; suspension
B. solvent; emulsion; colloid
C. colloid; suspension; solution
D. suspension; colloid; solution
E. solution; colloid; suspension
31. Which of these is the most appropriate to express the number of molecules per volume?
A. Molarity
B. Volume
C. Percentage
D. Weight per volume
E. Milliequivalents per liter
32. A solution with pH 4 has the H+ concentration of a solution with pH 8.
A. 1/2
B. 2 times
C. 4 times
D. 10,000 times E. 1/10,000
33. Which of these has the highest H+ concentration?
A. Lemon juice, pH = 2.3
B. Red wine, pH = 3.2
C. Tomato juice, pH = 4.7
D. Saliva, pH = 6.6
E. Household ammonia, pH = 10.8
34. In a workout your muscle cells produce lactate, yet you maintain a constant blood pH because .
A. metabolic acids are neutralized in muscle cells before released into the blood
B. metabolic bases are produced at the same rate by muscle cells to neutralize the acids
C. the respiratory system removes excess H+ from the blood before the pH is lowered
D. the body contains chemicals called buffers that resist changes in pH
E. endothelial cells secrete excess H+ to prevent a decrease in pH
35. A solution that resists a change in pH when an acid or base is added to it is a(n) .
A. buffer
B. catalyst
C. reducing agent
D. oxidizing agent
E. colloid
36. A chemical reaction that removes electrons from an atom is called a(n) reaction.
A. reduction
B. condensation
C. hydrolysis
D. anabolic
E. oxidation
37. The most relevant free energy in human physiology is the energy stored in .
A. electrolytes ionized in water
B. free radicals with an odd number of electrons
C. radioisotopes
D. the chemical bonds of organic molecules
E. Van der Waals forces
38. The breakdown of glycogen (an energy-storage compound) is an example of a(n) reaction.
A. exergonic
B. endergonic
C. exchange
D. synthesis
E. equilibrium
39. Potential energy stored in bonds is released as energy.
A. electromagnetic
B. electrical
C. chemical
D. heat
E. kinetic
40. The breakdown of glucose to yield carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ATP can be described as .
A. anabolic and endergonic
B. catabolic and exergonic
C. anabolic and exergonic
D. catabolic and endergonic
E. anabolic and exothermic
41. Which one of the following would not increase the rate of a reaction?
A. An increase in reactant concentrations
B. A rise in temperature
C. The presence of a catalyst
D. The presence of an enzyme
E. A decrease in reactant concentrations
42. Which of the following terms encompasses all of the other ones?
A. Catabolism
B. Anabolism
C. Metabolism
D. Oxidation reactions
E. Reduction reactions
43. The breakdown of starch by digestive enzymes into glucose molecules is a(n) reaction.
A. synthesis
B. decomposition
C. exchange
D. anabolic
E. reduction
44. Which of the following equations depicts an exchange reaction?
A. AB ? A + B
B. A + B ? AB
C. AB + CD ? AC + BD
D. AB ? A- + B+
E. A + B ? AB ? C + D
45. A(n) is a group of atoms that determines many of the properties of an organic molecule.
A. carboxyl group
B. functional group
C. hydroxyl group
D. amino group
E. phosphate group
46. Which of the following is not an organic compound?
A. C16H18N3ClS
B. Na2HPO3(H2O)5
C. CH4
D. C3H7O2N
47. A reaction breaks a down into its monomers.
A. hydrolysis; polymer
B. dehydration synthesis; molecule
C. dehydration synthesis; polymer
D. polymer; molecule
E. condensation; reactant
48. The formula of an amino group is ; the formula of a carboxyl group is .
A. -COOH; -OH
B. -CH3; -NH2
C. -OH; -SH
D. -NH2; -COOH
E. -SH; -H2PO4
49. Table sugar is a disaccharide called and is made up of the monomer(s) .
A. maltose; glucose and sucrose
B. sucrose; glucose and fructose
C. lactose; glucose and galactose
D. glycogen; glucose and fructose
E. glucose; galactose and fructose
50. Which of the following is a disaccharide?
A. Galactose
B. Lactose
C. Glucose
D. Fructose
E. Amylose
51. is a monosaccharide, whereas is a polysaccharide.
A. Fructose; sucrose
B. Galactose; maltose
C. Lactose; glycogen
D. Glucose; starch
E. Cellulose; glucose
52. In general, have a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen.
A. enzymes
B. proteins
C. lipids
D. carbohydrates
E. nucleic acids
53. Proteoglycans are composed of .
A. carbohydrates and fats
B. nucleic acids and fats
C. carbohydrates and proteins
D. proteins and fats
E. nucleic acids and proteins
54. Triglycerides consist of a 3-carbon compound called bound to three .
A. pyruvate; fatty acids
B. lactate; glycerols
C. eicosanoid; steroids
D. glycerol; fatty acids
E. sterol; fatty acids
55. are major components of cell membranes, and are said to be .
A. Triglycerides; hydrophobic
B. Steroids; hydrophilic
C. Bile acids; fat-soluble
D. Eicosanoids; water-soluble
E. Phospholipids; amphiphilic
56. Which of these molecules is hydrophobic?
A. Glucose
B. Cholesterol
C. Amino acid
D. Protein
E. Disaccharide
57. Proteins perform all of the following functions except .
A. catalyze metabolic reactions
B. give structural strength to cells and tissues
C. produce muscular and other forms of movement
D. regulate transport of solutes into and out of cells
E. store hereditary information
58. A drastic conformational change in a protein in response to extreme heat or pH is called .
A. contamination
B. denaturation
C. saturation
D. sedimentation
E. deconformation
59.Proteins are built from different amino acids.
A. monomers; 10
B. molecules; 10
C. polymers; 20
D. macromolecules; 40 E.
peptides:25
60. The folding and coiling of a protein into a globular shape is the structure of the protein.
A. primary
B. secondary
C. tertiary
D. quaternary
E. denatured
61. An enzyme is substrate-specific because of the shape of its .
A. active site
B. receptor
C. secondary structure
D. terminal amino acid
E. alpha chain
62. is the substrate of .
A. Glucose; lactose
B. Lactase; glucose
C. Lactose; lactase
D. Galactose; lactose
E. Sucrase; sucrose
63. All enzymes are .
A. cofactors
B. proteins
C. lipids
D. carbohydrates
E. nucleic acids
64. Nucleic acids are of .
A. monomers; monosaccharides
B. monomers; ATP
C. polymers; nucleotides
D. polymers; cAMP
E. polymers; DNA
65. ATP endergonic and exergonic reactions.
A. opposes
B. decomposes
C. reduces
D. links
E. dehydrates
66. Minerals are found in all of the following except .
A. bones and teeth
B. vitamins
C. thyroid hormone
D. electrolytes
67.An atom with 12 electrons, 13 neutrons, and 11 protons is a(n) .
A. anion
B. cation C.
free radical
D. isotope E.
both an anion and an isotope
F.both an anion and a free radical
68. The concentration of a solution may be expressed by all of the following except .
A. weight per volume
B. percentage
C. molarity
D. pH
69. The vibration of an ear drum is an example of energy.
A. kinetic
B. potential
C. elastic
D. radiant
70. In the following reaction, what is(are) the product(s)? CO2 + H2O —> H2CO3
A. H2CO3
B. CO2 and H2O
C. CO2 and H2CO3
D. H2O and H2CO3
71. Which of the following will increase the rate of a chemical reaction?
A. An increase in reactant concentration
B. An increase in product concentration
C. A decreased temperature
D. Enzyme inhibition
72. Carbon is very versatile in forming bonds with other atoms because it has valence electrons.
A. four
B. two
C. eight
D. six
73. Amylase is a digestive enzyme that breaks starches down into sugars through reactions.
A. hydrolysis
B. dehydration synthesis
C. anabolic
D. endergonic
74. Which of the following is not a nucleotide?
A. RNA
B. GTP
C. ATP
D. cAMP
75. Metabolism is the sum of and .
A. inhalation; exhalation
B. growth; differentiation
C. anabolism; catabolism
D. positive; negative feedback
E. responsiveness; movement
True / False Questions
76. A molecule that is oxidized gains electrons and energy. True False
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