The Circulatory System: Blood
The Circulatory System: Blood
1. Hemostasis is the production of formed elements of blood. True False
2. Blood viscosity stems mainly from electrolytes and monomers dissolved in plasma.
True False
3. Lymphoid hemopoiesis occurs mainly in the bone marrow. True False
4. Oxygen and carbon dioxide bind to different parts of hemoglobin.
True False
5. The liver stores excess iron in ferritin. True False
6. The most important components in the cytoplasm of RBCs are hemoglobin and carbonic anhydrase.
True False
7. A person develops anti-A antibodies only after he is exposed to antigen A, and anti-B antibodies onlyafter he is exposed to antigen B.
True False
8. Incompatibility of one person’s blood with another results from the action of plasma antibodies against the RBCs’ antigens.
True False
9. Rh incompatibility between a sensitized Rh+ woman and an Rh- fetus can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn.
True False
10. Circulating WBCs spend most of their lives in the bloodstream. True False
11. Lymphocytes secrete antibodies, coordinate action of other immune cells, and serve in immune memory. True False
12. Monocytes differentiate into large phagocytic cells. True False
13. Coagulation starts with a vascular spasm and ends with the formation of a platelet plug.
True False
14. Clotting deficiency can result from thrombocytopenia or hemophilia. True False
15. After a wound is sealed, tissue repair is followed by fibrinolysis.
True False
Multiple Choice Questions
16. Which of the following is not a function of blood?
A. Transports a variety of nutrients
B. Helps to stabilize the pH of extracellular fluids
C. Participates in the initiation of blood clotting
D. Produces plasma hormones
E. Helps to regulate body temperature
17. Which of the following is not contained in the buffy coat?
A. Lymphocytes
B. Granulocytes
C. Erythrocytes
D. Agranulocytes
E. Platelets
18. A normal hematocrit is of the total blood volume.
A. less than 1% B. 47% to 63% C. 25% to 37% D. 42% to 45% E. 37% to 52%
19. Which of the following is not normally found in plasma?
A. Glycogen
B. Fibrinogen
C. Glucose
D. Urea
E. Albumin
20. Which of the following proteins is not normally found in plasma?
A. Albumin
B. Hemoglobin
C. Transferrin
D. Prothrombin
E. Fibrinogen
21. What is the most abundant protein in plasma?
A. Insulin
B. Creatine
C. Bilirubin
D. Albumin
E. Creatinine
22. Which of the following would not decrease the blood colloid osmotic pressure (COP)?
A. Severe liver failure
B. A diet predominantly based on red meat
C. Starvation
D. An extremely low-protein diet
E. Hypoproteinemia
23. Serum is essentially identical to plasma except for the absence of .
A. fibrinogen
B. nitrogenous wastes
C. platelets
D. glucose
E. albumin
24. Tissues can become edematous (swollen) when which of the following occurs?
A. Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) is high.
B. There is hyperproteinemia.
C. The concentration of sodium and proteins in blood is high.
D. The hematocrit is high.
E. There is a dietary protein deficiency.
25. Where does myeloid hemopoiesis take place in adults?
A. Thymus
B. Spleen
C. Red bone marrow
D. Yellow bone marrow
E. Liver
26. The viscosity of blood is due more to the presence of than to any other factor.
A. fibrin
B. albumin
C. sodium
D. erythrocytes
E. nitrogenous wastes
27. Erythrocytes transport oxygen and .
A. defend the body against pathogens
B. initiate blood clotting
C. regulate erythropoiesis
D. transport nutrients
E. transport some carbon dioxide
28. Most oxygen is transported in the blood bound to .
A. the plasma membrane of erythrocytes
B. alpha chains in hemoglobin
C. beta chains in hemoglobin
D. delta chains in hemoglobin
E. heme groups in hemoglobin
29. What would happen if all of the hemoglobin contained within the RBCs became free in the plasma?
A. It would considerably increase blood oxygen carrying capacity.
B. It would facilitate delivery of oxygen into tissues supplied by small capillaries.
C. It would facilitate oxygen diffusion into cells distant from blood capillaries.
D. It would significantly increase blood osmolarity.
E. It would drastically increase osmotic colloid pressure.
30. An increased erythropoietin (EPO) output by the kidneys would lead to all of the following except
A. increased hypoxemia
B. increased blood osmolarity
C. increased RBC production
D. increased blood viscosity
E. increased hematocrit
31. Where do most RBCs die?
. Stomach and small intestine
B. Red bone marrow
C. Spleen and liver
D. Lymph nodes and thymus
E. Stomach and liver
32. Which of the following would not lead to polycythemia?
A. Cancer of the erythropoietic line of the red bone marrow
B. Iron deficiency
C. Dehydration
D. Emphysema
E. Excessive aerobic exercise
33. Which of the following is most likely to cause anemia?
A. High altitude
B. Air pollution other than by carbon monoxide
C. Renal disease
D. Smoking
E. Any factor that creates a state of hypoxemia
34. Which of the following is not true of a patient with anemia?
A. Their blood viscosity is increased.
B. They are lethargic.
C. Their blood osmolarity is reduced.
D. Their resistance to blood flow is reduced.
E. More fluid transfers from their bloodstream into their intercellular spaces.
35. What is the final product of the breakdown of the organic nonprotein moiety of hemoglobin?
A. Biliverdin
B. Bilirubin
C. Globin
D. Heme
E. Iron
36. Correction of hypoxemia is regulated by .
A. a self-amplifying mechanism
B. an enzymatic amplification
C. a positive feedback loop
D. a negative feedback loop
E. a cascade effect
37. A deficiency of can cause pernicious anemia.
A. vitamin C
B. iron
C. vitamin B12
D. EPO secretion
E. folic acid
38. Which of the following is not true regarding sickle-cell disease?
A. It is caused by a recessive allele that modifies the structure of hemoglobin.
B. It is due to a hereditary hemoglobin defect.
C. It is advantageous in that it can protect carriers against malaria.
D. It is a cause of malaria.
E. It is a cause of anemia.
39. The ABO blood group is determined by in the plasma membrane of RBCs.
A. glycolipids
B. glycoproteins
C. antibodies
D. antigen-antibody complexes
E. agglutinins
40. A person with type A blood can safely donate RBCs to someone of type and can receive RBCs from someone of type
A. O; AB
B. AB; O
C. A; B
D. B; A
E. O; O
41. A person with type AB blood has RBC antigen(s).
A. no
B. anti-A and anti-B
C. anti-A
D. anti-B
E. A and B
42. Why are pregnant Rh- women given an injection of Rh immune globulin?
A. Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-D antibodies.
B. Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
C. Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-A antibodies.
D. Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-O antibodies.
E. Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-B antibodies.
43. The universal donor of RBCs, but not necessarily plasma, is blood type .
A. AB, Rh-negative
B. AB, Rh-positive
C. O, Rh-negative
D. O, Rh-positive
E. ABO, Rh-negative
44. An individual has type B, Rh-positive blood. The individual has antigen(s) and can produce anti- antibodies.
A. A and D; B
B. B and D; A
C. B; A and D
D. A; B and D
E. D; A and B
45. The main reason why an individual with type AB, Rh-negative blood cannot donate blood to an individual with type A, Rh-positive blood is because .
A. anti-A antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBCs of the recipient
B. anti-A antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor
C. anti-B antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBCs of the recipient
D. anti-D antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBC of the recipient
E. anti-B antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor
46. A woman’s first pregnancy is normal but her second pregnancy results in hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). The second child needed a transfusion to completely replace the agglutinating blood. The mother is most likely type and both children are most likely .
A. A, Rh-negative; B, Rh-positive
B. A, Rh-positive; B, Rh-negative
C. O, Rh-negative; AB, Rh-negative
D. AB, Rh-positive; O, Rh-negative
E. AB, Rh-positive; O, Rh-positive
47. What are the least abundant of the formed elements?
A. Platelets
B. Basophils
C. Erythrocytes
D. Neutrophils
E. Eosinophils
48. What are the most abundant agranulocytes?
A. Macrophages
B. Eosinophils
C. Monocytes
D. Lymphocytes
E. Neutrophils
49. The number of typically increases in response to bacterial infections.
A. basophils
B. monocytes
C. erythrocytes
D. eosinophils
E. neutrophils
50. Which cells aid in the body’s defense processes by secreting histamine and heparin?
A. Eosinophils
B. Basophils
C. Neutrophils
D. Platelets
E. Monocytes
51. Leukopoiesis begins with the differentiation of .
A. pluripotent stem cells
B. precursor cells
C. colony-forming units
D. myeloblasts
E. lymphoblasts
52. Some lymphocytes can survive as long as .
A. days
B. weeks
C. months
D. years
E. decades
53. A patient is diagnosed with leukocytosis if they have more than WBCs/µL.
A. 100,000
B. 50,000
C. 10,000
D. 5,000
E. 1,000
54. Which of the following has not been implicated in causing leukopenia?
A. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
B. Lead poisoning
C. Radiation therapy
D. Dehydration
E. Immunosuppressant drugs
55. What is the largest leukocyte that contains small cytoplasmic granules and typically a kidney- or horseshoe- shaped nucleus?
A. Monocyte
B. Lymphocyte
C. Neutrophil
D. Eosinophil
E. Basophil
56. Which of the following are not secreted by platelets?
A. Procoagulants
B. Thrombopoietin
C. Growth factors
D. Vasoconstrictors
E. Chemicals that attract neutrophils
57. The cessation of bleeding is specifically called .
A. a vascular spasm
B. homeostasis
C. hemostasis
D. platelet plug formation
E. coagulation
58. What is the function of thromboplastin in hemostasis?
A. It initiates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation.
B. It initiates the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.
C. It converts prothrombin into thrombin.
D. It acts as a potent vasoconstrictor to reduce blood loss.
E. It dissolves the clot after the tissue has healed.
59. When a clot is no longer needed, fibrin is dissolved by .
A. prothrombin
B. thromboplastin
C. kallikrein
D. plasmin
E. platelet-derived growth factor
60. Which of these does not prevent the spontaneous formation of a clot?
A. The presence of tissue thromboplastin
B. The smooth prostacyclin-coated endothelium of blood vessels
C. The dilution of thrombin when blood flows at a normal rate
D. The presence of antithrombin in plasma
E. The presence of heparin in plasma
61. Platelets release , a chemical vasoconstrictor that contributes to the vascular spasm.
A. heparin
B. thrombin
C. thromboplastin
D. prostacyclin
E. serotonin
62. The structural framework of a blood clot is formed by .
A. soluble fibrinogen
B. soluble fibrin
C. a fibrin polymer
D. a fibrinogen polymer
E. a thrombin polymer
63. Most strokes and heart attacks are caused by the abnormal clotting of blood in an unbroken vessel. Moreover, a piece of the (clot) may break loose and begin to travel in the bloodstream as a(n)
A. thrombus; embolus
B. embolism; thrombus
C. plaque; thrombus
D. thrombosis; plaque
E. plaque; embolus
64. During coagulation, which of the following is found in the extrinsic mechanism only?
A. Calcium
B. Prothrombin activator
C. Prothrombin
D. Thromboplastin
E. Thrombin
65. Where are most clotting factors synthesized in the body?
A. Spleen
B. Red bone marrow
C. Perivascular tissue
D. Kidneys
E. Liver
66. A patient is suffering from ketoacidosis caused by an unregulated high protein diet. Which function of the blood has been compromised?
A. Stabilizing fluid distribution in the body
B. Stabilizing the body’s pH
C. Protecting against microorganisms
D. Transporting nutrients
E. Transporting hormones
67. Where in the body are hemopoietic stem cells found?
A. Yellow bone marrow
B. Thymus
C. Red bone marrow
D. Spleen
E. Liver
68. Which of the following might be injected into a patient who is prone to forming blood clots and therefore at risk of a heart attack or stroke?
A. Thromboplastin
B. Fibrinogen
C. Fibrin
D. Heparin
E. Factor X
69. Blood clots in the limbs put a patient most at risk for .
A. hemophilia
B. pulmonary embolism
C. thrombocytopenia
D. disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
E. septicemia
True / False Questions
70. Blood groups are made up of any surface antigen on formed elements, not just ABO and Rh, and include over 500 known antigens.
True False
71. Blood groups are used for legal purposes and in anthropology. True False
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