DATA MODELING & DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ESSAYS

DATA MODELING & DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ESSAYS

DATA MODELING & DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ESSAYS

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DATA MODELING & DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Competency 7049.1.4: Informatics Projects – The graduate designs clinically relevant and user-focused informatics projects using informatics systems theory, information processing theory and national taxonomies to support safe, high quality patient outcomes.

Task 1: Current-State Workflow Analysis

Introduction:

A workflow chart is used to diagram any repeated process that contributes to the work of an organization. This could include admitting or discharging a patient, administering medication, conducting provider office visits, or scheduling appointments. Analyzing these charts can help you improve processes in health care by identifying the causes in a process failure. When implementing a health information system, it is important to analyze a variety of workflows using both current-state data (before implementation) and future-state data (post implementation). These workflows form the basis for improving efficiencies and productivity.

In this task, you will showcase your ability to diagram and analyze a current-state data workflow using standard diagramming techniques. To create your workflow analysis, you will need to access Microsoft Visio using the virtual lab within unit 1.7 of your course. You can also access this lab below with the “Unit 1.7 Virtual Lab: Access and VISIO 2016” link in the web link section below. For additional information on completing a workflow analysis, visit the “Workflow Analysis References” web link.

Scenario:

You are a nurse informatics specialist at a regional medical center where there has been a continual throughput problem in the emergency department (ED). The average arrival-to-departure time for admitted patients is 527 minutes; the average arrival-to-departure time for discharged patients is 295 minutes; the door-to-diagnostic-evaluation time is 171 minutes; and the left without being seen (LWBS) rate is 8.7 percent. Your organization is considering a system redesign that may improve the situation in the ED; however, this redesign requires a workflow analysis to identify current bottlenecks and inefficiencies.

For this assessment, you will use system-generated time data that have been aggregated and presented as mean times for major steps in the workflow process. These mean times are specifically for patients triaged as ESI Level 3, meaning patients designated as “urgent stable.” For more information on emergency severity index (ESI) levels, please visit the “ESI Levels” link in the web links section.

Requirements:

Your submission must be your original work. No more than a combined total of 30% of the submission and no more than a 10% match to any one individual source can be directly quoted or closely paraphrased from sources, even if cited correctly. Use the Turnitin Originality Report available in Taskstream as a guide for this measure of originality.

You must use the rubric to direct the creation of your submission because it provides detailed criteria that will be used to evaluate your work. Each requirement below may be evaluated by more than one rubric aspect. The rubric aspect titles may contain hyperlinks to relevant portions of the course.

Using the mean times from the “Workflow Observations on ESI Level 3 Patients” attachment, create a basic or cross-functional workflow diagram in Microsoft Visio and include an interpretation of the diagram in a caption or on a separate page.

1. Diagram a detailed flowchart of the mean times in the “Workflow Observations on ESI Level 3 Patients” attachment using standard flowchart symbols. Ensure your diagram meets the following criteria:

• Apply appropriate shapes for each workflow step.
• Connect shapes using dynamic or auto connectors.
• Label each connector with the number of patients and the mean time between steps (e.g., N = 5, M = 21.4 minutes).
• When the workflow shape indicates a decision, diagram the options and flow changes that this decision generates.
• If you use a cross-functional diagram, include ED worker type swim lanes to designate steps in the process performed by the ED worker.

1. Briefly explain each aspect of the flowchart for hospital administrators and other stakeholders in a caption or on a separate page.
2. Identify three of the weakest areas of flow (i.e., bottlenecks or inefficiencies) and explain how you would improve one of the weak areas reduce throughput time.

1. Acknowledge sources, using APA-formatted in-text citations and references, for content that is quoted, paraphrased, or summarized.

1. Demonstrate professional communication in the content and presentation of your submission.

Task 2

DATA MODELING & DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Competencies:

7049.1.1: Database Models – The graduate proposes database models, including methods and policies for data mining and information retrieval within healthcare organizations.

7049.1.2: Clinical Documentation – The graduate applies constructed data models for communication of clinical documentation across systems, including interoperability considerations.

7049.1.3: Compliance Requirements – The graduate integrates compliance requirements to the informatics system as outlined by government regulations, accreditation, licensing, and certification agencies to mitigate legal risk to healthcare organizations.

7049.1.4: Informatics Projects – The graduate designs clinically relevant and user-focused informatics projects using informatics systems theory, information processing theory, and national taxonomies to support safe, high quality patient outcomes.

Task 2: Entities Relationship Diagram

Introduction:

One of the most commonly used data modeling techniques is the entities relationship diagram (ERD). This model visually depicts tables (entities), data elements (attributes), and relationships (cardinality) to help users and developers identify errors and omissions.

For this assessment, you will construct an ERD for a database management system (DBMS) using Microsoft Visio. You will then use Microsoft Access to construct this DBMS with the capacity to collect, manage, analyze, and store questionnaire or survey data. Your ERD should contain one parent table, one child table, and three lookup tables. You should clearly delineate each relationship in your diagram as one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many using crow’s foot notations. You will use Visio Professional to create your ERD. After you have constructed your ERD, you will use this model to build the DBMS and then reflect on your experience.

To create your ERD and DBMS, you will need to access Microsoft Visio and Microsoft Access using the virtual lab within unit 1.7 of your course. You can also access this lab with the “Unit 1.7 Virtual Lab: Access and VISIO 2016” link in the web link section below.

Scenario:

You are a nurse informatics specialist at a regional health center in the Midwest where the emergency department (ED) has recently experienced an alarming number of asthma-related symptom complaints from school-age children. The ED doctors noted a pattern in these complaints that indicated asthma symptoms were not being well managed. To address this community-wide issue, an interprofessional team of ED doctors, pediatricians, nurses, and health educators was called to brainstorm ideas.

The team is currently developing a symptom management intervention program for parents of children with asthma. However, in order to measure the effectiveness of their work, the team decided to collect and analyze data before they put their program in place. Later they plan to compare this initial data to additional data they will collect after implementing their program. To collect their initial data, the team created a paper-based data-collection form and distributed it to all parents of children attending schools in the county. The form was designed to capture information on personal identifying factors, demographics, relevant medical history, and asthma symptoms.

The team received more than 500 responses and quickly realized they did not have the knowledge, skills, or abilities to manage the data for this project. The team then came to you for help with designing a system to collect, manage, and analyze survey data. They handed you the data-collection survey form and indicated that they need the database management system as soon as possible.

You reviewed the form and created the attached “Code Sheet for ERD” with all the data elements on the form. You then began the process of clustering the data elements into tables. You determined that there will be one parent table that will contain personal identifying information and demographics. You have also determined that there will be one child table that will contain repeated surveys—pre- and post-intervention. In addition, you noted that the system will need three lookup tables for drop-down boxes. By creating the correct relationship between the parent and child tables, it will be possible to conduct statistical analyses that will determine the effectiveness of the educational program by comparing pre-intervention survey responses to post-intervention responses. After clustering data elements, and determining relationships, it is time to create a logical data model of the database. To create the data model, you will use Visio to generate an ERD. You will present this model to the team to make sure the system will include all the information needed and that the system will function efficiently. You will then begin the process of building an Access DBMS using the information in Unit 4 of your course.

Requirements:

Your submission must be your original work. No more than a combined total of 30% of the submission and no more than a 10% match to any one individual source can be directly quoted or closely paraphrased from sources, even if cited correctly. Use the Turnitin Originality Report available in Taskstream as a guide for this measure of originality.

You must use the rubric to direct the creation of your submission because it provides detailed criteria that will be used to evaluate your work. Each requirement below may be evaluated by more than one rubric aspect. The rubric aspect titles may contain hyperlinks to relevant portions of the course.

For this assessment you will create an ERD (entities relationship diagram) in Microsoft Visio, using the attached “Code Sheet for ERD.” Then you will use Microsoft Access to create a database management system (DBMS) using information from your completed ERD and the instructions in Unit 4 of your course. You will not submit the database, just a screenshot of your work. Finally, you will write a paper reflecting on your experiences.

1. Create a logical ERD using appropriate entities and data elements by doing the following:
2. Create one parent table that incorporates the following points:

• correct labels
• an established primary key
• data elements, related to the entity, entered in the attribute cells

2. Create one child table that incorporates the following points:

• correct labels
• correctly identified primary and foreign keys
• data elements, related to the entity, entered in the attribute cells

3. Create three lookup tables that each incorporate the following points:

• correct labels
• correctly identified primary keys
• data elements, related to the entity, entered in the attribute cells

4. Indicate appropriate relationships with ordinality and cardinality between entities using crow’s foot notations.

1. In a Word document, provide a written reflection (suggested length of 4–5 pages) of your experiences modeling and building a DBMS by doing the following:
2. Discuss your successes and challenges in completing the design and development of a DBMS for this assessment.
3. Explain how your thinking regarding data modeling and database management systems evolved over time while working on this assessment.
4. Explain how the knowledge and skills you have acquired during this course inform the roles and responsibilities of a nurse informaticist in a work setting.
5. Embed a screen shot of your ERD.
6. Embed a screen shot of the Microsoft Access form you created in your DBMS.

1. Acknowledge sources, using APA-formatted in-text citations and references, for content that is quoted, paraphrased, or summarized.

1. Demonstrate professional communication in the content and presentation of your submission