In this assignment, you are required to respond to the question “Why do good?” in the context of a real-world case study of global concern in strictly no more than 800-words

In this assignment, you are required to respond to the question “Why do good?” in the context of a real-world case study of global concern in strictly no more than 800-words (excluding references). This assignment should not be answered in bullet points but in the form of a short essay.

Format and word count – You should write a continuous essay. However, you are welcome to label the parts of your short essay that correspond to the different essay tasks. You SHOULD NOT exceed the word limit of 800 words, which is the maximum number of words the essay should contain. The word count includes in-text citations but excludes the reference list.

About the Case Study:

Real-world case study of global concern – This is an issue that affects people across borders (though not necessarily every country worldwide). The issue may also concern Singapore but the discussion MUST NOT be focused on local issues or the local context. Your answer will be penalized if you focus on Singapore.

Note: Global concerns are issues that every nation in the world is concerned about, such as child labour, human trafficking, migration, torture, humanitarian intervention, pandemics, scarce resources, discrimination, wars, online privacy, etc. This list is non-exhaustive. The case study you select for this assignment should be different from the topic chosen for Task A of your DB. (Did on Homosexuality) To ensure your work is original, you should not use any case studies covered in the course materials. Topic selection – The topic on which you write SHOULD NOT be the topic covered in Task A of your DB. If you choose the same topic, you will fail the assignment. Case study selection – Case studies covered in any course materials (including seminar discussions/slides/activities) SHOULD NOT be used for your TMA.

About the Essay Tasks:

You will be assessed holistically and the following breakdown of tasks will help guide you in developing and organizing your essay response:

(a) Present a real-world case study of global concern. You should identify relevant ethical considerations for discussion.

Relevant ethical considerations – These ethical considerations should be clearly present in the case study and will be the basis for the discussion in part C of the question. Examples of ethical considerations include harm and consent, among others. Ethical considerations should inform the reader of your essay about the moral issues within the topic you have chosen for discussion.

(b) Give a personal response to the ethical issue(s) in (a) by responding to the question of “Why do good?”. You should make a claim and explain what doing good means (use “should / ought” and underline your claim).

Personal response and claim – State clearly what you think should be the morally right action in the topic and case study you have selected, and explain your stand. The claim should be a normative statement. Example of a claim – Everyone should be given equal rights / Everyone ought to be given equal rights.

(c) Demonstrate ethical reasoning by providing reasons to support your claim in (b). You must give 2 reasons (number your reasons) and apply an ethical theory you have learned in this course to support each of your reasons (i.e., reason 1 supported by theory 1; reason 2 supported by theory 2).

Reasons & Theories – You should provide 2 reasons (numbered) and then use one theory or formulation to support each reason. Once a theory/formulation is used to support one reason, it SHOULD NOT be used to support the other reason. There should be 2 reasons and 2 applications of ethical theories/ formulations within the essay.

Which theories / formulations can I use? – choose one theory/formulation from the list below to support your reason:

– Formula of Universality

– Formula of Humanity

– Benthamite Act Utilitarianism

– Millian Utilitarianism in the form of…

• Rule Utilitarianism

• Maximization of net higher pleasures

• Application of the Harm Principle

Possible format for presenting your answer:

Step 1: Provide a reason.

Step 2: Use a theory/ formulation to support the reason provided.

Step 3: Repeat steps 1 and 2 for the second reason and application of theory/ formulation. You must use a different theory / formulation to support the second reason.

SAMPLE:

Step 1: Slave labour inflicts unnecessary and undeserved suffering. (Reason)

Step 2: Use Formula of Universality to support the reason above. (Application)

Step 3: Repeat steps 1 and 2 for reason 2 using a different theory/ formulation from reason 1.

(d) Discuss possible constraints or limitations to both of the theories you have applied (i.e., 1 constraint / limitation to each theory; total 2 constraints/limitations). They must be discussed within the context of this case study.

Identify possible constraints – State a limitation or constraint to EACH of the theories/ formulations you applied in part C. You should explain and discuss the constraint within the context of your topic and case study. This means you should make clear reference to the specifics/ details of your selected topic and case study in the discussion. You should present 2 constraints – one for each theory / formulation you used in part C.

Essays that only state generic limitations without clear reference to their case study will score poorly. Note that constraints / limitations are substantive problems with the theory or its applicability and, crucially, undermines either its ability to be used to draw the conclusion stated or the ethical plausibility of said conclusion in the first place. (They are not simply counter-arguments using a different theory.)

Possible format for presenting your answer:

Step 1: State one limitation of one theory / formulation used in part C.

Step 2: Explain how this constraint is present in the application to the case study you have selected, and discuss the issues that arise.

Step 3: Repeat steps 1 and 2 for the second theory / formulation used in part C.

SAMPLE:

Step 1: One limitation of Act Utilitarianism is the neglect of individual rights. (State)

Step 2: The neglect of individual rights can be observed when this is problematic because …

(Discuss)

Step 3: Repeat steps 1 and 2 for the second theory/ formulation used in part C.

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