October 5, 2022

How-to Speech Planning Outline

Part 1- How-to Speech Planning Outline

Opening Elements
25% of total gradeExceeds ExpectationsSpecific purpose in place. Opening with a relevant attention gaining device/tactic. Connect with audience by stating relevancy. Clear, purpose/ thesis statement. Preview main ideas. Format of opening correct with roman numerals and headers.25Meets ExpectationsMissing one of the opening elements. Opening element not correctly stated. Improper formatting.12.5Below ExpectationsOpening elements are not identified or missing. No formatting in place. Starting with a “title.”0

Body
25% of total gradeExceeds ExpectationsMain points are clearly identified. Sub and supporting points are in place. Complete sentences are used not key words. Signposts and transition statements bridge ideas together. Spelling and grammar at college standard.25Meets ExpectationsMain points are identified but sub and supporting points are not in place or are not fully developed. Signposts and transition statements to bridge ideas together are not clear or missing. Minor formatting, spelling or grammatical problems.12.5Below ExpectationsThe body of the speech is not organized. No sub or supporting points. No signposts or transition statements or incomplete. Not formatted correctly. Spelling and/or grammatical errors.0
Closing Elements
25% of total gradeExceeds ExpectationsIdeas are clearly summarized. Close with impact statement in place. Format correct25Meets ExpectationsMinor problems with summary statement and close with impact statement. Or minor formatting issues.12.5Below ExpectationsSummary and closing with impact are not identified or missing. No formatting of ideas. “Thank you” or a dismissive last statement (e.g., “that’s all I got.”)0
Sources (APA Format)
25% of total gradeExceeds ExpectationsAppropriate number of credible sources cited in correct APA format.25Meets ExpectationsMissing a source citation. Minor errors with formatting.12.5Below ExpectationsLess than the minimum number of credible sources. No attempt to place in APA format.

Part 2-How-to Speech Speaking Outline

Attention Gaining
33% of total gradeExceeds ExpectationsCaptures audience attention; Engages eagerness to see the presentation; Generates interest in learning more about the topic33Meets ExpectationsGets the audience’s attention; Engaging initial slide; Convey speech purpose16.5Below ExpectationsAudience is not captured; No topic or topic is vague; Uses a Title Slide0
Content
34% of total gradeExceeds ExpectationsStrong pattern development that enlightens the topic’s consideration; Solid organization; Generates strong understanding of the topic34Meets ExpectationsSolid pattern development for audience comprehension; good organization17Below ExpectationsUnorganized; Minimal understanding0
Writing Mechanics &<br>Textual considerations
33% of total gradeExceeds ExpectationsText conveys the content and enhances understanding of the topic; Fonts style & size add flair to the presentation33Meets ExpectationsText is legible and adds to the cogency of the material; Text elements are easy to read (font size & style)16.5Below ExpectationsGrammatical & syntax issues; Spelling errors or wrong word; Text/Font difficult to read; Background & color distract and make text illegible

Chapter151.html

Practically Speaking

by J. Dan Rothwell

A photograph of the cover of the text, Practically Speaking, 3rd edition by J. Dan Rothwell.

Chapter 15Foundations of Persuasive Speaking

Defining Persuasion
Goals of Persuasion
Attitude-Behavior Consistency
Elaboration Likelihood Model
Propositions: Fact, Value, and Policy Claims
Culture and Persuasion

Chapter 15 Learning Objectives

1 Identify the definition of persuasion in the context of speech content.
2 Choose an appropriate goal of a persuasive speech for a given audience.
3 Determine the inconsistencies in audience attitude and behavior that can impact how a speaker chooses a persuasive speaking strategy.
4 Identify how to use the elaboration likelihood model to help listeners sort important and relevant persuasive content.
5 Determine strategies for choosing an effective type of persuasive proposition for a given audience.
6 Assess how culture can impact a given persuasive speaking situation.

Defining Persuasion

Persuasion is the communication process of converting, modifying, or maintaining the attitudes and/or behavior of others

What is the difference between coercion and persuasion?

Coercion vs. Persuasion

Perception of Choice

Coercion Persuasion

ThreatsArgument

Physical forceEvidence

BlackmailReasoning

ViolenceEmotion

Three Goals of Persuasion

Conversion
Modification
Maintenance

Conversion: Radical Persuasion

The Social Judgement Theory of persuasion says that listeners compare persuasive messages with attitudes they already hold
Listeners rely on anchors, or reference points, to form their latitude of:
- Acceptance
- Noncommitment, and/or
- Rejection

Conversion is an Extremely Difficult Goal

A woman points both her hands to the right as she speaks.

Why Conversion Is Extremely Difficult

Social Judgment Theory

Modification: Do Not Ask For the Moon

Incremental change, not abrupt, major change is far more likely to be persuasive

Guns and rifles are strewn in a place.

Ban ALL guns

Ban assault rifles

Vs.

Maintenance: Keep ‘Em Coming Back

Protestors hold vertical signs that read America. The other horizontal signs they hold are change maker.

Attitude-Behavior Consistency

In a cartoon, a man holds a cigarette in his hand and bends forward and coughs. A man near him puts his hand on the shoulder of the man who coughs. The man who coughs says Smoking cough is really bad for me; cough cough; I feel like Iâ€™m coughing up a lung. Both the men walk together. The other man asks then why donâ€™t you quit. The man who smoke says I should, maybe, I will someday.

Reasons for Attitude-Behavior Inconsistencies

Direct vs. indirect experience
Social pressure
Effort required

Direct Experience: No Secondhand Attitudes

Attitudes formed from direct experience usually conform more closely to actual behavior than those formed more indirectly

Help your audience feel that they are affected by the problem you describe or empathize with those afflicted

Example of direct versus indirect experience

Social Pressure: Getting Heat from Others

Women hold drinks bottles and say cheers.

Effort Required: Degree of Difficulty

Find the easiest ways for listeners to express their support

Suggest ways that even complex solutions can be implemented in relatively simple, straightforward steps

Example of effort required with solutions to opioid addiction

Elaboration Likelihood Model

The elaboration likelihood model (ELM) of persuasion explains how listeners cope with and sort persuasive messages
There are two primary routes to persuasion according to ELM:
1. Central Route (skepticism): Use of reasoning and evidence
2. Peripheral Route: Considering likeability, credibility, celebrity, physical attractiveness, and body language cues

Elaboration Likelihood Model:Identifying Peripheral Cues

Identify the peripheral cues of both speakers in the photo based on likability, credibility, celebrity, physical attractiveness, body language cues.

A photograph of Paul Ryan and Joe Biden engaging in the vice presidential debate.

Examples of ELM

Parallel processing: using both central and peripheral routes to persuasion.

“The Great Debaters”

Review of Chapter 15 Learning Objectives

1 Identify the definition of persuasion in the context of speech content.
2 Choose an appropriate goal of a persuasive speech for a given audience.
3 Determine the inconsistencies in audience attitude and behavior that can impact how a speaker chooses a persuasive speaking strategy.
4 Identify how to use the elaboration likelihood model to help listeners sort important and relevant persuasive content.
5 Determine strategies for choosing an effective type of persuasive proposition for a given audience.
6 Assess how culture can impact a given persuasive speaking situation.

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