Which of the following measurements is/are commonly used in community health assessments?

Week 3 EXAM

Multiple Choice

1.            Which of the following measurements is/are commonly used in community health assessments?

 

A)           Unadjusted rates

 

B)            Prevalence rates

 

C)            Odds ratio

 

D)           Relative risk

 

E)            All of these are correct.

 

 

 

2.            Which of the following refer to those elements that must be present for a health problem to come into existence or are direct precursors to it?

 

A)           Causal factors

 

B)            Moderating factors

 

C)            Mediating factors

 

D)           Required antecedent factors

 

 

 

3.            There are various options for selecting a target value for objective indicators. For programs that are innovative, address rare health problems, or are highly tailored to the location, which target setting option(s) is recommended?

 

A)           Set target for no change.

 

B)            Set target for a statistically significant improvement compared to current value.

 

C)            Set target for a desired percentage decrease from the current value.

 

D)           Set a cumulative annual target value so that the total amount of change is dispersed across the time period for the program.

 

E)            All of these are correct.

 

4.            For a national or multiregional obesity prevention program with access to prevalence data existing for each U.S. region, which of the following would be the best way to set a target value?

 

A)           Use an existing benchmark (i.e., Healthy People 2020).

 

B)            Use the current obesity prevalence rate.

 

C)            Use the mean obesity prevalence rate across geographic areas.

 

D)           Use a percentage change in obesity prevalence compared to current trend, literature, or hopeful guess.

 

 

 

5.            Outreach workers from the CeaseFire program spent a total of 500 combined hours with program participants during the first year of program implementation. This is an example of which service utilization output?

 

A)           Coverage

 

B)            Units of service

 

C)            Service completion

 

D)           Workflow

 

 

 

Multiple Response

 

1. At which level of the public health pyramid would a social marketing plan be useful?

 

A)           Direct services level

 

B)            Enabling services level

 

C)            Population services level

 

D)           Infrastructure level

 

True/False

 

1.            True or False? Using mortality rates as a sole criterion is the best known method to determine the size of a health problem.

 

2.            True or False? DALYs and QALYs would most likely be used in county health assessments.

 

3.            True or False? An objective is most efficient when it encompasses related indicators.

 

4.            True or False? Fatalities from car accidents in Bowe County will decrease among children aged 1 and under is an example of a goal.

 

5.            True or False? The element of the service utilization plan that ensures that the program is provided to members of the intended audience is called queuing.

 

Short Answer

 

1.            The odds ratio of having a gunshot injury is 8:0 for adolescents in poor neighborhoods compared to adolescents in wealthy neighborhoods, whereas the    of having a gunshot injury is 6:0 for all adolescents in the poor neighborhood.

 

2.                           are broad, encompassing statements about the outcomes to be achieved; few are stated per program; outcomes to be achieved generally have a longer time horizon.

 

3.            Using an overall rate for the best 50% or the best 75% across a geographic area works best at the             services level of the public health pyramid. Ans: population

 

4.                           describes the four P’s: promotion, place, price, and product. Ans: Social marketing

 

5.            A high degree of match between the capacity to provide the program or service and the demand for the program or service minimizes       and the need for a wait list.

 

 

 

Essay

 

1.            Create a causal theory statement about factors leading to type 2 diabetes among Bowe County residents, using the following variables or factors.

 

The risk of           among residents of Bowe County, as indicated by            , is caused by     and

 

                and is mediated by          , but moderated by the and a     .

 

2.            Inherently in a community health assessment is a data collection process. What are the major categories of data sources?

 

3.            After priority ranking of health problems has been determined using a formal, standardized approach, what other factors might change the prioritization of health problems?

 

4.            List the parts of a causal theory statement, preferably in a coherent order.

 

5.            Give three caveats to using objectives or a goal-oriented approach for implementing a program.

 

6.            Why is it important to use indicators when setting objectives?

 

7.            Provide three examples of physical health indicators.

 

8.            What implication does an existing disparity in health indicators have on setting target values for that indicator?

 

9.            Eligibility for the National School Lunch Program is based on family income and the number of people in a family. Is this program a partial-coverage or full-coverage program and why?

 

10.          Name three common sources of health program funding.

 

11.          A health care organization, StarCare, wants to implement a program to increase use of diabetes care services. In the past StarCare has billed insurance companies $350 per group session on cardiac care, a similar service, and thus plans to bill $350 for the diabetes group sessions. Operational expenses for the diabetes care services will be $1,000. Because StarCare is concerned with quality of services, it plans to have a consistent group size of 20 participants. However, the number of group facilitators will vary based on the number of diabetes care group participants. For every participant, it costs StarCare $300 in facilitator salary and other expenses. StarCare will only do one session if it is profitable. Based on this information, what are (a) the fixed costs for the proposed diabetes care program and the (b) the total variable costs for 20 participants?

 

12.          What is the formula for determining the break-even number of clients that need to be served by StarCare’s hospice program?

 

Matching

 

1.            Match the term with the description that best describes that it.

 

1.            Sensitivity

 

2.            Specificity

 

3.            Odd ratio

 

4.            Relative risk

 

 

 

5.            Confidence interval

 

2.            Match each item with its corresponding definition or appropriate example.

 

1.            Budget

 

2.            Break-even analysis

 

3.            In-kind donation

 

4.            Variable costs

 

5.            Fixed costs

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