The performance of 20 students on their final exam on statistics in 1992 and for the second class of 20 students in 2017 is shown in the table below.
SOSC341 Understanding Statistical Inference
Assignment Z-Scores & Percent
Assignment
The performance of 20 students on their final exam on statistics in 1992 and for the second class of 20 students in 2017 is shown in the table below.
Scores on statistics final exam, 1992 and 2017
Class of 1992 Class of 2017
80 100
91 99
91 94
80 94
74 94
74 88
73 88
75 81
76 88
73 89
73 80
69 88
67 76
68 75
68 63
68 61
68 53
57 55
58 56
59 82
Use the data to answer the following questions. NOTE: You may need to use the z-score table located in Appendix A of the text (p. 697)
Find the mean and standard deviation for the final exam scores in the two years, 1992 and 2017.
Suppose you scored an 85 on this exam. In which distribution is your test score the farthest above the mean? How far above the mean is your score in both of these distributions?
Admission to a (paid) summer internship program requires that students earn a C or better (70% or higher) on their statistics final exam. If we assume that scores (in both years) on this test are reasonably normally distributed, what percentage of students in 1992 and 2017 would qualify for this internship?
SOSC341 Understanding Statistical Inference
Assignment Mean, Median, Mode, & Skewness
Assignment
Find the mean, median, and mode for the following data:
ALL WORK MUST BE SHOWN TO RECEIVE CREDIT
5, 7, 3, 8, 2, 3, 3, 1, 9
104, 139, 145, 150, 167, 205, 205, 20
See Stem and Leaf Plot below:
Stem Leaf
1 0,3,5,5
2 0,1,4,7,7,7,7,8,8,9
3 3,3,5,8,9
4 0,1
5 7,8,8,8,9,9
SOSC341 Understanding Statistical Inference
Assignment Variance & Standard Deviation
Assignment
Several studies (Keinan, 2002, for example) have found evidence that belief in magic and luck increased as stress levels increased. The more stressed people were, the more likely they were to engage in magical thinking. Suppose you did your own study examining the relationship between test anxiety and belief in the power of a lucky charm. You ask one group of students to bring their own personal lucky charm to their statistics final exam. Another group is the control group and has to take their statistics exam without any lucky objects present during the test.
Scores on statistics final exam with and without a lucky charm
Without Lucky Charm With Lucky Charm
82 64
95 38
68 100
75 42
70 77
70 100
79 97
79 99
76 95
76 48
Use the data to answer the following questions:
Calculate the mean for each group.
Calculate the standard deviation for each group.
In your opinion, does having a lucky charm result in better performance on the exam? How do the two groups differ? How are they similar?
SOSC341 Understanding Statistical Inference
Assignment Frequency Tables & Grouped Frequency Tables
Assignment
In a senior research class, several students decided to see if the perception of the passage of time was influenced by age. They asked volunteers to participate in a time estimation task. Participants were first asked their age. Then, they were told that as soon as a green light flashed on the computer monitor in front of them, they were to begin estimating a 27-second time interval, without counting or using any kind of timing device. As soon as the participant felt that the indicated interval had passed, she or he pressed the space bar on the keyboard. The actual duration of the time interval that had passed was then presented on the monitor, followed by a warning tone and the next trial. The table below shows the mean errors (in milliseconds) made by the participants for each time interval. Positive errors indicate an overestimation of the time interval, and negative errors indicate an underestimation of the time interval. Participants in age group 1 were between 10 and 21 years of age. Participants in age group 2 were over the age of 50.
Time-estimation errors (in milliseconds) by age
ID Age Group Error ID Age Group Error
1 1 9.00 11 2 -3.00
2 1 13.00 12 2 3.00
3 1 13.00 13 2 7.00
4 1 1.00 14 2 4.00
5 1 5.00 15 2 5.00
6 1 -11.00 16 2 5.00
7 1 11.00 17 2 10.00
8 1 1.00 18 2 1.00
9 1 -1.00 19 2 11.00
10 1 -16.00 20 2 14.00
Use the data shown in the table above to Construct TWO grouped frequency distributions, one for each Age Group of Data. You’ll need to determine how big your intervals should be and where they will start). Include relative and cumulative frequency distributions for each age group. Table 2.31 on p. 56 of the text can be used as an example of what to include in a grouped frequency table.
Then, use the data from your grouped frequency distributions to answer the following questions:
What percentage of over-50-year-olds made errors of 5 milliseconds or less?
How many of the participants in age group 1 made underestimations of the time interval?
How many of the over-50-year-olds made underestimations? iv) How many participants (considering both groups) made overestimations?
SOSC341 Understanding Statistical Inference
Assignment Histograms & Other Graphs
Assignment
Students in an introductory psychology course were asked to participate in an experiment examining the relationship between quality of sleep and perceived stress. Each student in the class kept track of the quality of his or her sleep for seven consecutive days using a 5-point scale where 1 indicated very poor quality, 3 indicated average quality, and 5 indicated excellent sleep quality for the previous night. At the end of the week, each student donated a small hair sample consisting of approximately 20 to 30 strands of hair. The level of cortisol in the hair sample was obtained (in nanograms per gram of hair). Higher levels of cortisol indicate higher levels of stress. The table below shows the raw data from the 50 students in the study.
Hair cortisol level (in ng/g) and sleep quality ratings (1-5)
ID Sleep Quality Cortisol ID Sleep Quality Cortisol ID Sleep Quality Cortisol ID Sleep Quality Cortisol
1 3 136 16 4 103 31 3 79 46 1 35
2 3 74 17 4 31 32 2 105 47 5 166
3 3 143 18 4 81 33 3 145 48 5 83
4 4 137 19 4 97 34 1 48 49 1 165
5 1 107 20 2 151 35 1 194 50 2 51
6 2 136 21 3 140 36 2 174
7 1 151 22 4 97 37 2 99
8 1 177 23 4 109 38 2 28
9 5 140 24 3 199 39 4 130
10 3 61 25 3 69 40 4 148
11 2 41 26 4 26 41 5 179
12 5 189 27 1 112 42 5 189
13 2 79 28 3 201 43 3 129
14 2 43 29 2 34 44 2 80
15 2 170 30 2 110 45 1 79
Use the data to answer the following questions:
Create frequency distributions of both the sleep quality and cortisol levels.
Draw a graph showing the distribution of sleep quality in the sample.
Draw a graph showing the distribution of cortisol in the hair sample.
SOSC341 Understanding Statistical Inference
Assignment Data Scales & the Ordinal Data Debate
Read an article that interests you and then, in a paragraph, answers the following questions about that article:
What were the independent and dependent variables in the study you read? [Remember, the independent variable (described in your text), is the variable that is manipulated or that created groups or that we think influences another variable, the dependent variable. The dependent variable is a variable we measure to see the effect of the independent variable].
What were the authors trying to show in their article (In other words, what was the context of the study they are reporting on)?
What was the most important result of the study (Or, what was the authors’ “take-home” message)?
SOSC341 Understanding Statistical Inference
Assignment Probability
Assignment
In a 1985 study, Breslow (cited in Hand et al., 1994) examined the death rates from coronary heart disease in a set of British male physicians. He also classified the doctors according to whether or not they smoked cigarettes. The table below shows the number of physicians who died from coronary heart disease.
Age, smoking, and heart disease in a sample of male physicians
Age (in years) Nonsmokers Smokers
35-44 2 32
45-54 12 104
55-64 28 206
65-74 28 186
75-84 31 102
Use the data to answer the following questions:
How many doctors were surveyed?
How many of these doctors reported that they smoked? How many reported that they did not smoke?
SOSC341 Understanding Statistical Inference
Assignment Hypothesis Testing/Central-Limit Theorem
Assignment
In a classic study of human memory, Elizabeth Loftus (1975) asked two groups of subjects to watch a very short film of a traffic accident (the film itself lasts less than a minute, and the accident only a few seconds). In the film, a car runs a stop sign into oncoming traffic, ultimately causing a five-car, chain-reaction accident.
The two groups were then given a questionnaire with 10 questions on it. For each group, only two questions were targets; the rest were just filler. For Group 1, the first target question was “How fast was car A (the car that ran the stop sign) going when it ran the stop sign?” Group 2 was asked: “How fast was car A going when it turned right?” Both groups received the same final question on the form, which was “Did you see the stop sign for car A?”
For the target question about the speed of the car. Consider what the study is measuring (the dependent variable)
The null hypothesis (in words) would be:
The alternative hypothesis (in words) would be:
The null and alternative (in symbols) would be:
Null =
Alternative = ____________________.
For each of the following samples, use the available information to calculate (where possible) or predict the following statistics:
(standard deviation)
For all three samples,
SOSC341 Understanding Statistical Inference
Assignment The Z-test
Assignment
An educational psychologist is interested in seeing if Return To College (RTC) students—that is, students who have not attended school for more than 4 years in order to work or raise a family—are more motivated to achieve higher grades than students who have not taken a break in their education. She knows that the distribution of grade point averages (GPAs) for students at her college who have not interrupted their education is normally distributed with a mean of 2.90 and a standard deviation of 0.89. She collects the following sample of GPAs for 10 RTC students. Use the data in Table 9.6 to answer the following questions.
GPA for RTC Students
GPA
3.70
2.60
3.10
3.00
3.10
3.80
2.60
3.40
3.00
2.80
Use the data to answer the following questions:
Find the mean GPA for the RTC students in the sample.
Determine the null and alternative hypotheses.
**Decide if the GPAs earned by RTC students are significantly higher than the population.
**Question C was modified from the original question in the text on p. 380
SOSC341 Understanding Statistical Inference
Assignment Midterm Project
As you begin to think about questions more critically, the next step is to apply what you have learned in developing sound research questions. As such, the midterm project is formed to help you think about how to do this. Using one of the data sets provided, you are being asked to describe the data and sample using statistics and visualization, to develop and test a hypothesis, and to report the results in APA style. To do this you will need to create a report after completing each major bullet point below. Here is a link to a template that you might use as a guide in developing this project.
Midterm Project Template.docx
Review the videos in your Module Resources and Tutorials 4 before completing this project.
Please Note:
All data sets and/or resources needed for this project are linked at the bottom of the page.
Project Details
Your submission for the Midterm Project should be a Jamovi file with a .omv extension AND a document with the information outlined below:
A. Select one of the datasets provided.
B. Create two hypotheses.
SOSC341 Understanding Statistical Inference
Assignment ANOVA Worksheet
Name:___________________________
ANOVA Worksheet
To answer the questions, do the following steps:
1)Complete the table
2) Find the Critical F
3) Compare your F to the Critical F
Question 1: Ellie wants to know if student involvement influences GPA. Her 24 students fit into one of 3 groups (not involved, somewhat involved, and very involved). Is the test significant?
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig?
Between Groups 100 3.50
Within Groups
Total
Critical F:
Question 2: Brian beliefs his workout program is better than crossfit or boxing and wants to test this. He compares the scores of people in his training to those doing crossfit and those who are boxing. In total there are 76 people. Is there a difference?
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig?
Between Groups 4.25
Within Groups 96
Total
Critical F:
SOSC341 Understanding Statistical Inference
Final Project
As you begin to think about questions more critically, the next step is to apply what you have learned in developing sound research questions. As such, the final project is formed to help you think about how to do this. You are being asked to develop five hypotheses and to test these hypotheses. You will need to complete this project by writing a report, with appropriate APA formatting when required, addressing each major bullet point below.
Before beginning this project, please review the videos on the Module Resources and Tutorials 8 page.
Please Note:
All data sets and/or resources needed for this project are linked at the bottom of the page.
Project Details
Your submission for the Final Project should be a Jamovi file with a .omv extension AND a document with the information outlined below:
Select one of the datasets provided.
Develop five hypotheses.
One must be able to be tested using a one-way ANOVA.
One must be able to be tested using a two-way ANOVA.
One must be able to be tested using a correlation.
One must be able to be tested using a regression or multiple regression.
One must be able to be tested using a mediation or moderation.
Describe the variables used in your hypotheses.
Describe the variables numerically
SOSC341 Understanding Statistical Inference
LAB 1
Before beginning this lab, please review the videos on the Module Resources and Tutorials 2 page.
Lab Details
Your submission for this Lab Assignment should be a Jamovi file with a .omv extension.
Create a variable called Average Exam Score that is the average of exam scores 1, 2, and 3. Use the compute mean command to do this.
Transform the Motivation Variable into Motivation Groups with 3 groups: Low (1-3) Medium (4-6) High (7-9). Use the layered IF command to do this.
Create a frequency table for the residence variable.
Use the descriptive statistics function to find the mean and standard deviation of the life satisfaction variable split by 2 variables; extra-curricular involvement and Motivation_Groups. Report each mean and standard deviation and provide output.
Find the mean and standard deviation for exam 1, exam 2, exam 3, and average exam scores variables.
Compute histograms with a normal curve (density) for average exam scores and life satisfaction scores.
Create a histogram without a normal curve(density)for exams 1, 2, and 3.
Split the data by the motivation groups variable and find the mean exam score and life satisfaction score for each group as well as the histogram and density for each group.
Dr. Rose was interested in studying student involvement in extracurricular activities, residence, school motivation scores, life satisfaction scores, and their scores on exams 1, 2, and 3. He found that students were either (0) not involved with extra-curricular activities on campus or (1) involved with extracurricular activities, and either lived (1) on campus, (2) off-campus, or (3) with their parents. Below are data from participants on each of the variables.
Participant Extra-Curricular Residence Motivation Life Satisfaction Exam 1 Exam 2 Exam 3
Number Involvement
1 Yes On campus 9 1 98 94 89
2 Yes Parents 3 5 90 78 84
3 No Off Campus 4 3 63 68 72
4 No On campus 5 7 58 64 72
5 Yes Parents 2 2 75 75 75
SOSC341 Understanding Statistical Inference
LAB 2
Company X has provided data from 105 employees. This company has provided you with a generic identification number, the employee’s salary (listed in thousands of dollars), their gender, and scores on a 10 question sexual harassment test from before and after their training. Using this data CompanyXData.omv Download CompanyXData.omv, please answer the questions below and provide your Jamovi file with analyses completed. Be sure to open the Jamovi software FIRST and then open the file within the Jamovi software.
Review the videos in your Module Resources and Tutorials 4 before completing this assignment.
Please Note:
All data sets and/or resources needed for this lab are linked at the bottom of the page.
Lab Details
Your submission for this Lab Assignment should be a Jamovi file with a .omv extension. The results in APA formatting can be written directly on the Jamovi file or in a separate document.
Part 1
If the average salary in New York, NY is $200,000.00, do the employees at Company X make a significantly different amount than the rest of New York workers?
Write your results in APA style.
Include the effect size for this test and report it.
Part 2
Do men and women at Company X differ significantly in the amount of money that they make?
Write your results in APA style.
Include the effect size for this test and report it.
Part 3
Was the training effective in increasing knowledge about sexual harassment?
Write your results in APA style.
Include the effect size for this test and report it.
SOSC341 Understanding Statistical Inference
LAB 3
Lab Details
Your submission for this Lab Assignment should be a Jamovi file with a .omv extension. The results in APA formatting can be written directly on the Jamovi file or in a separate document.
Dr. Love is interested in the difference between people with different styles of love (eros, ludic, storge) and the number of romantic partners that they have had in their lifetime.
Use analysis of variance to test if the type of love style influences the number of romantic partners someone has.
If there is a significant difference, use a post hoc test to explain them.
Write all of the results in APA style.
Dr. Love is interested if there are differences between genders and the number of partners, love style and the number of partners, and the interaction between gender and love style and the number of partners.
Using a FACTORIAL ANOVA, test for differences between genders, love style, the interaction between the two on the number of partners each participant has had.
If these results are significant please interpret them, using post hoc analyses when possible.
Report results in APA style.
Use the Love Styles Data Set for these problems
Dr. Nancy wants to know how effective the therapy is at St. Maximus inpatient facility. Specifically, she wants to test if (regardless of the therapist) the patient’s depression symptoms change from therapy session one, therapy session two, and therapy session three.
SOSC341 Understanding Statistical Inference
LAB 4
Lab Details
Your submission for this Lab Assignment should be a Jamovi file with a .omv extension. The results in APA formatting can be written directly on the Jamovi file or in a separate document.
Part 1
Dr. Nadler is interested in the relationship between extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism scores on a personality test.
Calculate a correlation coefficient for these relationships using the Pearson statistic.
Report all significant and non-significant relationships in APA style.
Using the Jamovi Scatr Function, create 3 scattergrams/scatterplots. For each scatterplot, include the grouping variable of Gender.
The first should depict the relationship between extraversion and agreeableness.
The second is between extraversion and neuroticism.
The third is the relationship between agreeableness and neuroticism.
Use the Personality Data Set for these problems
Part 2
Dr. Nadler has also created a survey to measure students’ perceived advisor support. He hopes these 14 questions are reliable in measuring students’ perceptions of their advisors.
Test the reliability of this survey using Cronbach’s Alpha.
Interpret the output and tell me if this is a reliable measure based on this test.
If there are items that need to be reverse scored, please complete the reverse scoring and re-run the analysis, and then interpret the output again.
Compute the average perceived advisor support variable
Run a correlation between the average perceived advisor support variable and the variable labeled id and report the results in APA style.
Use the Perceived Advisor Support Data Set for these problems
SOSC341 Understanding Statistical Inference
LAB 5
For this lab assignment, you will run several regressions using the Depression and Anxiety Data Set for problems A and B and the College Success Data Set for problems C and D. Review the videos in your Module Resources and Tutorials 7 before completing this assignment.
Please Note:
All data sets and/or resources needed for this lab are linked at the bottom of the page.
Lab Details
Your submission for this Lab Assignment should be a Jamovi file with a .omv extension. The results in APA formatting can be written directly on the Jamovi file or in a separate document.
Problem A) Simple Linear Regression
Use each variable (state anxiety, trait anxiety, and curiosity) to predict depression individually.
Note: you should run 3 different regressions.
Report the results of each regression in APA style and write each regression line.
Problem B) Multiple Linear Regression
Conduct a multiple regression using all 5 variables together (state anxiety, trait anxiety, happiness, anger, curiosity) to predict depression scores..
SOSC341 Understanding Statistical Inference
LAB 6
For your lab this week, you are going to answer the questions below making sure to follow each of the steps as detailed. The folks at a local hospital wanted to understand the community they are serving. As a result, they have collected information from recent patients including gender, relationship status, family history of heart disease, smoking behavior, and diagnosis of cancer or diabetes. Using the Hospital Data Set.
Before beginning this lab, please review the videos on the Module Resources and Tutorials 8 page.
Please Note:
All data sets and/or resources needed for this lab are linked at the bottom of the page.
Lab Details
Your submission for this Lab Assignment should be a Jamovi file with a .omv extension. The results in APA formatting can be written directly on the Jamovi file or in a separate document.
Part 1
Test 4 variables (you choose 4) in the data set using the chi-square Goodness of Fit test. Assume an equal chance of all categories for each variable.
Compute are report effect size.
Report all results (significant and non-significant) in APA style.
Part 2
Using a test of independent/association:
Test if smoking status is independent of gender.
Test is diabetes diagnosis is independent of gender.
Test if cancer diagnosis is independent of relationship type.
Test if gender is independent of relationship type.
Calculate the effect size for each test.
SOSC341 Understanding Statistical Inference
Application Assignment 1
Using an article that you have found (peer-reviewed, from the library) in any subject area, provide an example of a measure of central tendency and variability. When finding a research article, look for these headings: Abstract, Introduction, Literature Review, Methods, Results, and Discussion.
List and explain (in your own words) ONE measure of central tendency and ONE measure of variability presented in the article in your write-up.
Upload the article as a pdf.
End your initial post with an APA-formatting article reference. Here is an example of an APA-formatted reference for a journal article for you to follow:
Kumar, S., Dawson, K., Black, E. W., Cavanaugh, C., & Sessums, C. D. (2011). Applying the community of inquiry framework to an online professional practice doctoral program. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 12(6), 126-142.
Next, read and respond to 2 of your classmate’s posts with your thoughts and questions.
SOSC341 Understanding Statistical Inference
Application Assignment 2
Using an article that you have found (peer-reviewed, from the library) in any subject area, provide an example of a t-test. When finding a research article, look for these headings: Abstract, Introduction, Literature Review, Methods, Results, and Discussion.
List the t-test statistic from the article and explain (in your own words) the reason the author used a t-test.
Upload the article as a pdf.
End your initial post with an APA-formatting article reference. Here is an example of an APA-formatted reference for a journal article for you to follow:
Kumar, S., Dawson, K., Black, E. W., Cavanaugh, C., & Sessums, C. D. (2011). Applying the community of inquiry framework to an online professional practice doctoral program. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 12(6), 126-142.
Next, read and respond to 2 of your classmate’s posts with your thoughts and questions.
SOSC341 Understanding Statistical Inference
Application Assignment 3
Using an article that you have found (peer-reviewed, from the library) in any subject area, provide an example of an ANOVA. When finding a research article, look for these headings: Abstract, Introduction, Literature Review, Methods, Results, and Discussion.
List the ANOVA statistic (F-score) and explain (in your own words) the reason the author used the ANOVA statistic in the article.
Upload the article as a pdf.
End your initial post with an APA-formatting article reference. Here is an example of an APA-formatted reference for a journal article for you to follow:
Kumar, S., Dawson, K., Black, E. W., Cavanaugh, C., & Sessums, C. D. (2011). Applying the community of inquiry framework to an online professional practice doctoral program. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 12(6), 126-142.
Next, read and respond to 2 of your classmate’s posts with your thoughts and questions
SOSC341 Understanding Statistical Inference
Application Assignment 4
Using an article you have found (peer-reviewed, from the library) in any subject area, provide an example of a correlation and Cronbach’s Alpha (note this could be 2 articles). When finding a research article, look for these headings: Abstract, Introduction, Literature Review, Methods, Results, and Discussion.
List the correlation statistic from the article and explain (in your own words) the reason the author used a correlation in the study.
List the reliability statistic (Cronbach’s Alpha) from the article.
Upload the article(s) as pdf(s).
End your initial post with an APA-formatting article reference. Here is an example of an APA-formatted reference for a journal article for you to follow:
Kumar, S., Dawson, K., Black, E. W., Cavanaugh, C., & Sessums, C. D. (2011). Applying the community of inquiry framework to an online professional practice doctoral program. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 12(6), 126-142.
Next, read and respond to 2 of your classmate’s posts with your thoughts and questions.
SOSC341 Understanding Statistical Inference
Application Assignment 5
Using an article that you have found (peer-reviewed, from the library) in any subject area, provide an example of a regression (simple linear, multiple, mediation, and/or moderation). When finding a research article, look for these headings: Abstract, Introduction, Literature Review, Methods, Results, and Discussion.
Explain (in your own words) what the author is trying to communicate in using regression (i.e., simple linear, multiple, mediation, and/or moderation).
Upload the article as a pdf.
End your initial post with an APA-formatting article reference. Here is an example of an APA-formatted reference for a journal article for you to follow:
Kumar, S., Dawson, K., Black, E. W., Cavanaugh, C., & Sessums, C. D. (2011). Applying the community of inquiry framework to an online professional practice doctoral program. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 12(6), 126-142.
Next, read and respond to 2 of your classmate’s posts with your thoughts and questions.
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