Bronchiolitis tends to occur during the first years of life and is most often caused by what type of infection?
Question 1
Bronchiolitis tends to occur during the first years of life and is most often caused by what type of infection?
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Influenza virus
Adenoviruses
Rhinovirus
Question 2
Mary, 47 presents to her primary care provider and reports nocturia x 6, urgency, frequency, voiding with laughing and coughing. She drinks one pot of coffee daily and does not drink much water daily. She reports this has impacting her quality of life and she frequently has embarrassing moments while out. Mary is possibly experiencing:
The patient should have a full workup, that includes history, physical, and diagnostics which include a u/a, c/s, postvoid residual assessment. It is possible that she is experiencing overactive bladder concerns.
The patient will need a full workup, that includes a history, physical and diagnostics which include a u/a, c/s, postvoid residual and urine cytology. It is possible that she is experiencing a urinary tract infection
The patient may be experiencing urethritis, which can occur as a result of gastrointestinal bacteria spreading from the anus to the urethra.
Because of her uncontrolled diabetes, she has an impaired immune system, which has resulted in her developing a urinary tract infection.
Question 3
The APRN would expect to find elevated blood levels of which of the following markers for patients with a diagnosis of depression?
Proinflammatory cytokines and pH
Calcium and Cortisol
Calcium and pH
Proinflammatory cytokines and cortisol
Question 4
A healthcare professional has taught a parent group about the causes of enuresis. What statement by a parent indicates the professional needs to give more information?
A maturational lag may cause enuresis.
Enuresis may be related to increased light sleep.
Obstructive sleep apnea may be a symptom of enuresis.
Elevated nocturnal levels of vasopressin may cause enuresis.
Question 5
What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children?
Periorbital edema
Scrotal or labial edema
Frothy urine
Ascites
Question 6
Abnormalities in brain development related to schizophrenia are thought to develop when?
Prenatal
Infancy
Early Childhood
Adolescent
Question 7
A patient has a spinal cord injury at C4. What should the healthcare professional assess as the priority in this patient?
Blood pressure
Respirations
Pulse
Temperature
Question 9
Parents bring their 1-year-old child to the emergency department, reporting that the child has been irritable and pounding on her head, has projectile vomiting, and seems very sleepy for most of the last 3 days. What diagnostic testing does the healthcare professional prepare the child and parents for as the priority?
Brain scanning with either CT or MRI
Lumbar puncture with CSF cultures
Developmental assessment
Ophthalmologic assessment
Question 10
A child has iron deficiency anemia. In addition to iron supplements, what else does the healthcare professional educate the parents on giving the child?
Vitamin A
Magnesium
Vitamin C
Zinc
Question 11
Why is nasal congestion a serious threat to young infants?
Infants are obligatory nose breathers.
Their nares are small in diameter.
Infants become dehydrated when mouth breathing.
Their epiglottis is proportionally greater than the epiglottis of an adult’s.
Question 12
The health care professional is caring for a person who has a pathologic fracture. The patient asks the professional to explain the condition. What response by the professional is best?
The outer surface of the bone is disrupted, but the inside is intact.
A stable fracture where the cortex of the bone bends but doesn’t break.
A fracture that happens at the site of an abnormality already in that bone.
It was caused by the cumulative effects of stress on the bone over time.
Question 13
A healthcare professional wants to volunteer for a community education project to help prevent spinal cord injury. What activity would the professional most likely volunteer for?
Teaching school aged children bicycle safety
Teaching stretching to high school athletes
Teaching adults good body mechanics for lifting
Teaching older adults how to prevent trip-and-fall events
Question 14
What diagnosis is given to parents when their infant’s hip maintains contact with the acetabulum but is not well seated within the hip joint?
Dislocatable hip
Subluxated hip
Dislocated hip
Subluxable hip
Question 15
What is the role of thromboxane A (TXA 2) in the secretion stage of hemostasis?
Stimulates the synthesis of serotonin.
Promotes vasodilation.
Stimulates platelet aggregation.
Promotes formation of cyclooxygenase.
Question 16
A healthcare professional suspects a patient is brain dead. How would the professional assess for brain death?
Determine if the patient can make voluntary movements.
Perform tests to assess if the patient is in a coma.
Remove the patient’s ventilator to see if spontaneous breathing occurs.
Monitor the patient for eye movements that seem purposeful.
uestion 17
A healthcare professional is educating a community men’s group on symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The professional relates that most symptoms are a result of which pathophysiologic condition?
Infection of the prostate
Obstruction of the urethra
Ischemia of the urethra
Compression of the urethra
Question 18
A woman who is positive for hepatitis B is in labor. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?
Draw blood for a drug screen.
Encourage the mother to bottle feed.
Immunize the newborn within 12 hours.
Discuss poor infant survival.
Question 19
In acute hypothermia, what physiologic change shunts blood away from the colder skin to the body core in an effort to decrease heat loss?
Hypotension
Peripheral vasoconstriction
Voluntary muscle movements
Shivering
Question 20
How is gonorrhea transmitted from a pregnant woman to her fetus?
Unbound in the blood via the placenta
Attached to immunoglobulin G (IgG) via the placenta
By direct inoculation with the fetal scalp electrodes exposed to maternal body fluids
Predominately through infected cervical and secretions during the birth process
Question 21
A student reads in a chart that a child has been diagnosed with mixed precocious puberty and asks for an explanation. What explanation by the healthcare professional is most accurate?
When a child develops some secondary sex characteristics of the opposite sex
When a child does not develop any identifiable external sex organs
When early puberty occurs due to multiple, integrated causative effects
When early puberty has signs of physical and hormonal abnormalities
Question 22
A student reads in a chart that a baby was born with an encephalocele. The student asks the healthcare professional to explain this condition. What explanation by the healthcare professional is best?
A herniation or protrusion of brain and meninges through a defect in the skull
A protruding saclike cyst of meninges filled with spinal fluid and is a mild form of spina bifida
Protrusion of a saclike cyst containing meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord through a defect in the posterior arch of a vertebra
Premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures during the first 18 to 20 months of an infant’s life
Question 23
Cystic fibrosis is characterized by which symptom?
Excessive mucus production
Elevated blood glucose levels
Low sodium content in perspiration
Abnormally thin exocrine secretions
Question 24
A patient reports frequent nightmares. For which of these should the healthcare professional assess the patient?
A recent major loss
Family history of nightmares
History of traumatic event
Poor nutrition and weight loss
Question 25
A student is learning about pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). What information does the student clarify with a study partner as being correct?
An episode of mild PID can decrease the possibility of a successful pregnancy by 80%.
Such an inflammation may result in permanent changes to the ciliated epithelium of the fallopian tubes.
PID has not been associated with an increased risk of an ectopic pregnancy.
Contracting this infection increases the risk of cervical cancer.
Question 26
What causes the vasomotor flushes (hot flashes) that are associated with declining ovarian function with age?
Decreased estrogen levels
Absence of estrogen
Increased estrogen levels
Rapid changes in estrogen levels
Question 27
In the majority of children experiencing delayed puberty, what is the problem caused by?
Disruption in the hypothalamus
Disruption of the pituitary
Deficit in estrogen or testosterone
Physiologic delays in maturation
Question 28
A patient has been hospitalized for a large deep vein thrombosis and states he is the third person in his family to have this condition in the last 2 years. What response by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?
This condition is not transmitted genetically.
We can test your blood for factor V Leiden.
Were they all men or both men and women?
Familial thromboses tend to be very severe.
uestion 29
A healthcare professional is planning a community event to reduce risk of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in high risk groups. Which group would the professional target as the priority?
Insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus
Hypertension
Polycythemia
Smoking
Question 30
A preschool teacher notices a child who has burrows on the hands that are several millimeters to 1 cm long, papules, and vesicular lesions. What other assessment finding would help the teacher determine the type of infestation the child has?
Ask the child if he or she has been around puppies or kittens.
Check the child’s hair for the presence of small mites.
Ask the child if itching occurs especially at night.
Assess the child’s trunk and abdomen for petechiae.
Question 31
Which condition is consistent with the cardiac defect of transposition of the great vessels?
The aorta arises from the right ventricle.
The pulmonary trunk arises from the right ventricle.
The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs.
An intermittent murmur is present.
Question 32
A patient has a temporary displacement of two bones in a joint causing the bone surfaces to partially lose contact with each other. What treatment does the health care professional prepare the patient for?
Internal fixation
Reduction and immobilization
Calcium phosphate cement
Low-density ultrasound
Question 33
Which statement by the professor best describes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation
A pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and the presence of bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray imaging
A respiratory disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein producing viscous mucus that lines the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens
A pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency
Question 35
A child has Duchenne muscular dystrophy. What complication does the healthcare professional teach the parents is most important to control?
Respiratory infection
Joint contractures
Urinary tract infection
Fractures from falling
Question 36
How should the healthcare professional reply when parents question why a computed tomographic (CT) scan of the head was not ordered for their 5-year-old child after a minor fall?
Physicians are cautious about ordering CT scan on children younger than 10 years of age.
CT scans are seldom conclusive when used to diagnosis head injuries in young children.
The child’s symptoms will determine whether a CT scan is necessary and worth the expense.
Research suggests that repeated CT scans can increase the risk of developing brain cancer
uestion 37
An infant is brought to the emergency department by parents who report that the baby’s fontanels seem to be bulging outward. What action by the healthcare provider is most appropriate?
Assess the baby for recent trauma to the head.
Measure the head circumference and plot it on a growth chart.
Prepare the baby for a lumbar puncture and blood cultures.
Determine how much fluid the baby had in the last 24 hours.
Question 38
What type of thoughts are characteristic of post traumatic stress disorder?
disorganized
intrusive
anxious
disturbing
Question 39
When examining a male age 50 and older, the Nurse Practitioner should know that:
It is not necessary to perform a DRE if the PSA is normal.
It is not necessary to perform a PSA if the DRE is normal.
The DRE and PSA should be performed.
The Nurse Practitioner can use her discretion until age 60.
1 points
Question 40
A mother reports that her young teens have voracious appetites. The healthcare professional would explain that which hormone is linked to an increase in appetite during puberty?
Inhibin
Leptin
Activin
Follistatin
Question 41
Which mother does the healthcare professional prepare to administer Rh immune globulin (Rho-GAM) to?
Is Rh-positive and the fetus is Rh-negative
Is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive
Has type A blood and the fetus has type O
Has type AB blood and the fetus has type B
uestion 42
A patient reports small, vesicular lesions that last between 10 and 20 days. What treatment does the healthcare professional educate the patient about?
Acyclovir (Zovirax)
Three injections of penicillin
One time dose of azithromycin
Test of cure
Question 43
The student wants to know how the clinical manifestations and onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) differ from those of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults. What answer by the healthcare professional is best?
JIA begins insidiously with systemic signs of inflammation.
JIA predominantly affects large joints.
JIA has more severe joint pain than adult RA.
JIA has a rapid onset of generalized aches as the first symptom.
Question 44
Which of the following are positive clinical manifestations of schizophrenia?
Social withdraw, blunted affect, and failure to respond to simple questions
Hallucinations, delusions, and incoherent speech
Hallucinations, blunted affect, and social withdraw
Delusions, hallucinations, and failure to respond to simple questions
Question 45
What congenital malformation is commonly linked to acute leukemia in children?
Down syndrome
Wilms tumor
Retinoblastoma
Neuroblastoma
uestion 46
A man reports to the healthcare professional that he had a sudden onset of malaise, low back pain, and perineal pain with high fever and chills, dysuria, nocturia, and urinary retention. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?
Assess the man’s recent sexual history.
Recommend heat and acetaminophen for back pain.
Prepare the man for prostatic massage.
Assist the man in obtaining a urine sample.
Question 47
A child has scoliosis with a 40-degree curvature of the spine, and the parent is worried about pulmonary involvement. What statement by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?
Scoliosis is a bone disorder and does not affect the lungs.
Yes, we should obtain pulmonary function studies soon.
Scoliosis severe enough to involve the lungs would be fatal.
The lungs aren’t affected until the curvature is over 80 degrees. 1
Question 48
A patient is in status epilepticus. In addition to giving medication to stop the seizures, what would the healthcare professional place highest priority on?
Facilitating a CT scan of the head
Providing oxygen
Assessing for brain death
Assessing for drug overdose
Question 49
Which statement by the healthcare professional accurately describes childhood asthma?
An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation
A pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray imaging
A pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein, producing viscous mucus that lines the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens
An obstructive airway disease characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency
Question 50
A child has cystic fibrosis (CF). Which medication does the healthcare professional teach the parents about?
Salt tablets
Pancreatic enzymes
Antihypertensives
Antibiotics
Question 52
This region of the brain is responsible for sensory, touch, spatial awareness, and navigation.
Occipital
Frontal
Temporal
Parietal
uestion 53
The myelin in the brain and spinal cords are formed by:
Neurons
Neurons and astrocytes
Astrocytes and microglia
Oligodendrocytes
Question 54
A healthcare professional is reviewing a patient’s laboratory results and sees that the patient has a low reticulocyte count and a high iron level. Which type of anemia does the professional associate these findings with?
Folate deficiency anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
Hemolytic anemia
Anemia of chronic disease
Question 55
A woman attempting to conceive tells the healthcare professional that she and her partner have intercourse when her basal body temperature (BBT) is around 37?C (98?F) without getting pregnant. What information does the professional give the woman?
Maybe you need a fertility workup.
That’s a normal temperature, but during ovulation BBT decreases.
Temperature alone is not the most accurate way to predict ovulation.
BBT rises consistently above 37.8″1eC (100″1eF) with ovulation.
Question 56
A child has Duchenne muscular dystrophy and the parents want to know how this occurred. Which statement by the healthcare professional is most accurate?
X-linked recessive inheritance
Common SMN1 gene abnormality
Autosomal dominant inheritance
Inheritance is not well defined
Question 57
What directly causes ovulation during the menstrual cycle?
Gradual decrease in estrogen levels
Sudden increase of LH
Sharp rise in progesterone levels
Gradual increase in estrogen levels
Question 58
Obsessive compulsive disorder is characterized by what types of thoughts and behaviors?
disorganized irrational thoughts and disorganized behavior
constant irrational thoughts and constant behavior
repetitive irrational thoughts and ritualized behavior
repetitive irrational thoughts and disorganized behavior
Question 59
A student asks the professor to explain the jaundice that accompanies hemolytic anemia. Which statement is by the professor is most accurate?
Erythrocytes are destroyed in the spleen.
Heme destruction exceeds the liver’s ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin.
The patient has elevations in aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT).
The erythrocytes are coated with an immunoglobulin.
Question 60
A person has been diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea and wants to know why ibuprofen is a good choice for pain control. What response by the health care professional is best?
It inhibits the release of leukotrienes in your system.
It reduces the production of prostaglandins in your body.
It enhances the effects of bradykinin release.
It contributes to a higher C reactive protein in your blood.
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