Discuss a biblical example of how God’s plans were different than the plans of a Bible character.

Discuss a biblical example of how God’s plans were different than the plans of a Bible character.

A figure from the bible that comes to mind whose plans were different from the plans of God is Moses. After seeing one of his people being beaten by an Egyptian slave master Moses killed the man and hid him in the sand. When Pharaoh found out he tried to have Moses executed, but Moses fled to Midian. Moses then gets married and becomes a sheep herder. One day while Moses is out with the sheep the Lord appears to him and commands him to return to Egypt to free his people. Moses hand designs on staying in the background as a shepherd and avoiding returning to Egypt. Still God asks Moses to return. Exodus 4:13 shows us how that is really not the plan Moses wants for himself when he says, “Pardon your servant, Lord. Please send someone else.” (New International Version Bible, 2015) It wasn’t until God became angry and told him to take his brother Aaron with him that Moses began to follow God’s plan for him.

Describe in detail the 4 ACID transaction properties.

The four transaction properties are (A)tomicity, (C)onsistency, (I)solation, and (D)urability. Atomicity requires that all parts of a SQL request be completed or the transaction is aborted. Consistency is a “database condition in which all data integrity constraints are satisfied. To ensure consistency of a database, every transaction must begin with the database in a known consistent state. If not, the transaction will yield an inconsistent database that violates its integrity and business rules.” (Coronel & Morris, 2019) Isolation occurs when data being used by an SQL request is locked and cannot be used by a second request until the first one is completed. Durability certifies that data once completed and committed cannot be lost or undone.

Describe the difference between transaction locks and deadlocks.

A transaction lock guarantees the exclusive use of a data item to a current transaction. A deadlock occurs when two or more transactions wait indefinitely for the other to release the lock on previously locked data. The difference between transaction locks and deadlocks is that a normal transaction lock will complete its transaction and move forward, while a deadlock will be stuck waiting indefinitely for other locks to be released and never move forward. In a paper by Pei et al. (2021), the authors examined a way in which a database manager could be set up to rely on dependency chains. The dependency chains allow a transaction’s direct successor to be awakened leading to better optimization.

Describe a scenario in which a deadlock might occur.

A deadlock might occur when a SQL request 1 (R1) needs access to page 3 and 4 while SQL request 2 (R2) needs access to page 4 and 3. R1 locks page 3 and R2 locks page 4. Before proceeding R1 needs to lock page 4 so it waits for R2 to release the page. R2 needs page 3 so it waits for R1 to release the page. The two are in a stalemate until the DBMS aborts the operation.

References

Biblica. (2015). The holy bible: New international version.

Bishoy Sameeh, M. S., & Abdel-Fattah, M. (2020). A Novel Solution for Distributed Database Problems. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 11(10)https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2020.0111059

Coronel, C., & Morris, S. (2019). Database systems: Design, implementation, and management. Cengage.

Pei, O., Li, Z., Du, H., Liu, W., & Gao, J. (2021). Dependence-Cognizant Locking Improvement for the Main Memory Database Systems. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2021https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6654461

Poor planning in a database design can result in severe blocking or deadlocks in the database. Database designers implement concurrency controls to guarantee a transaction has exclusive use of a data item. “Locking methods are one of the most common techniques used in concurrency control because they facilitate the Isolation of data items used in concurrently executing transactions. A lock guarantees exclusive use of a data item to a current transaction” (Coronel & Morris, 2019, p. 495). Poor planning and management of locks can result in severe blocking or deadlocks in a database. A deadlock is “a situation in which two or more database users are each waiting to use resources that are held by the other(s); also called deadly embrace” (Starks et al., 2019, p. 388). If the deadlock is not managed appropriately, the transactions involved may not be fulfilled.

There are many biblical examples of how God’s plans differed from those of biblical characters. In 2 Samuel, David wanted to build a house for God during a time of peace. God responded to Nathan, the prophet, that he did not want David to be the one to build the house of God at that time.

Now when the king lived in his house and the Lord had given him rest from all his surrounding enemies, 2the king said to Nathan the prophet, “See now, I dwell in a house of cedar, but the ark of God dwells in a tent.” 3 And Nathan said to the king, “Go, do all that is in your heart, for the Lord is with you.” 4 But that same night, the word of the Lord came to Nathan, 5 “Go and tell my servant David, ‘Thus says the Lord: Would you build me a house to dwell in? 6 I have not lived in a house since the day I brought up the people of Israel from Egypt to this day, but I have been moving about in a tent for my dwelling. (2 Samuel 7:1-6)

David wanted to honor God, but God wanted him to honor him in other ways during that period. God did not want the building of the house of God to be a blocker to events that would eventually come.

Databases that deal with concurrent users that conduct similar transactions at the same time should follow the ACID transaction properties. “Multiple users are likely performing the same activity at the same time. In this case, your database should follow the Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability (ACID) properties to be consistent, reliable and protect data integrity” (Gupta et al., 2021). The “A” in ACID stands for Atomicity; all or no transactions are committed. The “C” stands for Consistency; it should save only valid data. The “I” stands for Isolation; transactions must be isolated from each other. The “D” stands for Durability; completed transactions are saved permanently. (Gupta et al., 2021)

Transaction locks “block other transactions from modifying the resources in a way that would cause problems for the transaction requesting the lock” (Transaction locking and Row Versioning Guide – SQL Server, 2022). A deadlock occurs when two or more users need access to the locked data, and neither user can gain access. A scenario in which a deadlock may occur is an online shopping portal. Users can place order requests at the same time. The transactions could lead to a deadlock scenario where ACID properties should be in place on the DBMS to deal with how the transactions should occur.

Reference:

Coronel, C., & Morris, S. (2019). Database Systems – Design, implementation, & management (13th ed.). Cengage Learning, Inc.

Gupta, R., Hirschfield, R., & Griffin, J. (2021, October 26). The anatomy of SQL server deadlocks and the best ways to avoid them. The Quest Blog. Retrieved July 19, 2022, from https://blog.quest.com/the-anatomy-of-sql-server-d…

Starks, J., Pratt, P. J., & Last, M. Z. (2019). Concepts of database management (9th ed.). Cengage.

Transaction locking and Row Versioning Guide – SQL Server. SQL Server | Microsoft Docs. (2022, June 14). Retrieved July 19, 2022, from https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-da…

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