The different levels of the independent variable in an experiment are called…
Order Instructions
The different levels of the independent variable in an experiment are called…
a.
Placebos
b.
Conditions
c.
Controls
d.
Checks
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Participants are asked questions to determine their attitude towards gun control. The experimenter strongly supports gun control which might lead to a variation in results. This is called the…
a.
Political bias effect
b.
Experimenter expectancy effect
c.
Opinion transfer effect
d.
Social conformity effect
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Testing participants in different orders is referred to as … and presents a solution to … effects.
a.
counterbalancing / experimenter expectancy
b.
deception / sampling bias
c.
deception / placebo
d.
counterbalancing / carryover
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Election polls that accurately predict from a small sample how the population voted have a lot of…
a.
Socially desirable responding
b.
External validity
c.
Manipulation checks
d.
Conditions
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An extraneous variable that differs on average across levels of the independent variable is referred to as a…
a.
Validity-reducing variable
b.
Manipulation check
c.
Confounding variable
d.
Operational effect
In a between-subjects experiment, each participant is tested under all conditions.
a.
True
b.
False
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Which of the following is NOT a common approach to data collection in qualitative research?
a.
Interviews
b.
Correlations
c.
Archival Data
d.
Naturalistic Observation
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Quasi-experimental research is considered to be a type of…
a.
Experimental research
b.
Nonexperimental research
c.
Qualitative research
d.
Single-variable research
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Stanley Milgram’s obedience study as it was originally conducted in the early 1960s was an example of…
a.
Single-variable research
b.
Naturalistic observation
c.
Qualitative research
d.
Correlational Research
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When observations require a judgment on the part of the observers this process is often described as ____ . A set of target behaviors is defined clearly. The observers then categorize participants individually in terms of which behavior they have engaged in and the number of times they engaged in each behavior. The target behaviors must be defined in such a way that different observers ______ them in the same way.
a.
Quantifying / quantify
b.
Categorizing / categorize
c.
Scoring / score
d.
Coding / code
What is Triangulation?
a.
Having at least three researchers rate the same behavior to improve interrater reliability.
b.
Using both quantitative and qualitative methods simultaneously to study the same general questions and to compare the results.
c.
Testing each participant in three different conditions to avoid context effects
d.
An interdisciplinary approach to quantitative research
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What is participant observation?
a.
During an experiment, participants are left alone in a room and observed without their knowledge
b.
A confederate observes participants and reports their results back to the researcher.
c.
A type of quantitative research.
d.
The researcher becomes an active participant in a situation in the group or situation they are is studying.
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A researcher is using qualitative research methods to generate a hypothesis and quantitative methods for hypothesis testing. This is an example of …
a.
Mixed-methods research
b.
Quasi-experimental research
c.
Grounded Theory
d.
An interrupted time-series design
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This approach was developed within the field of sociology in the 1960s and has gradually gained popularity in psychology. Researchers start with the data and develop a theory or an interpretation that is based on those data. They do this in stages. First, they identify ideas that are repeated throughout the data. Then they organize these ideas into a smaller number of broader themes. Finally, they write a theoretical narrative—an interpretation—of the data in terms of the themes that they have identified.
Which research method is being described above?
a.
Grounded Theory
b.
Survey Research
c.
Informal interviews
d.
Participant Observation
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“On a scale from 1 to 10, how hungry are you feeling right now?” This is a(n) ___ survey item.
a.
Open-ended
b.
Closed-ended
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“Where in the world would you like to travel to the most?” This is a(n) ___ survey item.
a.
Open-ended
b.
Closed-ended
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What does the acronym “BRUSO” stand for?
a.
Brief, relevant, useful, sharp and ordinary
b.
Blunt, respondent-friendly, universal, short and objective
c.
Brief, revealing, useful, specific and objective
d.
Brief, relevant, unambiguous, specific and objective
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Cluster sampling is especially useful for surveys that involve …
a.
Naturalistic observation
b.
Different ethnic groups
c.
Face-to-face interviewing.
d.
A large amount of questions
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In survey research, it is common practice to pre-notify respondents, send them reminders and offer incentives for participation. Why?
a.
To reduce non-response bias
b.
To reduce sampling bias
c.
To comply with APA standards
d.
To reduce stress on respondents
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Which of these is NOT a type of probability sampling?
a.
Simple random sampling
b.
Convenience Sampling
c.
Cluster sampling
d.
Stratified random sampling
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Which of the following should not be included in a survey introduction?
a.
Encouragement to participate in the survey.
b.
An explanation of the purpose of the study.
c.
The researcher’s contact information.
d.
A description of incentives for participating
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According to the BRUSO guidelines for survey item creation, what is wrong with this survey question: “Are you a dog person?”
a.
It isn’t brief enough.
b.
It is ambiguous
c.
It isn’t relevant.
d.
This is an acceptable question.
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Which of the following is NOT one of the non-equivalent groups design that are common to quasi-experimental methods?
a.
Posttest only
b.
Pretest – posttest
c.
Interrupted Time Series Design
d.
Within groups design
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A researcher who is interested in the effectiveness of an anti-drug education program on elementary school students’ attitudes toward illegal drugs. The researcher could implement the anti-drug program, and then immediately after the program ends, the researcher could measure students’ attitudes toward illegal drugs. This would be an example of a
a.
One-group posttest only design
b.
Pretest – posttest
c.
Interrupted Time Series Design
d.
One-group pretest-posttest design
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A study in which both the participants and the experimenter are blind to the condition is known as a:
a.
Single blind study
b.
Double blind study
c.
Placebo effect
d.
Pilot test
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