The overall objective of bIoTope is to create Systems of Systems[footnoteRef:1] (SoS) where information from cross-domain platforms, devices and other information sources can be accessed when, and as needed using Standardised Open APIs. bIoTope Systems are smart in the sense that they learn from experience to make, or propose the most appropriate actions depending on the current user’s or object’s context/situation. Standardised Open APIs make it possible to compose new SoS from new or existing components and platforms, even without programming. This contributes to speed up the creation of new Internet of Things (IoT) applications and services in open innovation SoS ecosystems. [1: http://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/system-systems]

The overall aim for bIoTope is to lay the foundation, both technologically and business-wise, of open innovation ecosystems for the IoT and Platforms for Connected Smart Objects. To this end, bIoTope will develop a standard-based SoS platform around Open API standards that enables new forms of collaboration and co-creation of services across multiple domains.

The 1st bIoTope challenge is to address this issue by reusing or developing adapted interoperability standards for the IoT (official or de facto) to allow the horizontal operability between vertical silos.

The 2nd bIoTope challenge is to establish a clear framework for Security, Privacy and Trust that facilitates the responsible access, use, and ownership of data, even when data is stored in vertical applications/silos.

The 3rd bIoTope challenge is to develop pilots for providing proofs-of-concept of the commercial replicability of developed solutions. Ecosystems of European solution providers need to show their technical and commercial viability in Large-Scale Real-Life Pilot installations.

Objective 1 (denoted O1 in the rest of the document):

To Foster Innovation based on Concrete Citizen’s, Public and Private Institution’s Requirements

bIoTope aims to improve economic, ecological and societal sustainability by supporting innovation and co-creation of services in the IoT. This will be performed in WP2 by eliciting and analysing requirements and expectations from various categories of representative IoT ecosystem stakeholders. As shown in Fig. 2, these requirements will be used as input of Objective O2 in order to define and carry out strategic RTD (Research Technology Development) actions. bIoTope expects to achieve a requirement analysis on:

· 7 distinct categories of IoT stakeholders in light of the bIoTope consortium and large-scale pilots, including: i) city managers and ii) citizens (e.g., from the involved cities, regions, or still EUROCITIES[footnoteRef:3]), iii) IT SMEs and start-ups, iv) manufacturing firms form the pilots, v) platform providers vi) standardization bodies (TOG) vii) key ICT consulting firms and industries (e.g., via the Open Platform 3.0 advisory board); [3: EUROCITIES (http://www.eurocities.eu) as well as Open Platform 3.0 are official advisory boards (see support letter in §5 annex).]

· 80% of approval among bIoTope consortium members after merging and handling requirement conflicts, whether regarding Open Source Software (OSS) aspects, city pilot definitive choice…

Sub-objective O1.1:

Define large-scale pilots that ensure innovation/exploitation impact, and the growth and sustainability of the ecosystem

Relevant project result: 3 domain-specific city pilots (D6.1 to D6.3) + 3 cross-domain smart city pilots (D6.4 to D6.6).

The aim of this sub-objective (developed in task[footnoteRef:4] T2.A) is to define high-impact pilots in smart city environments, whose expected impact is twofold: [4: TX.i refers to Task i in the Work Package (WP) X.]

· Ensure innovation, dissemination and exploitation impact through the involved companies in “domain-specific city pilots” (e.g., using their customer networks). bIoTope is expected to achieve:

· 3 domain-specific pilots: i) Smart Mobility ii) Smart Building, and iii) Smart Air Quality;

· Provide realistic “cross-domain smart city pilots”, i.e. key proofs-of-concept of horizontal system interoperability across multiple application domains (e.g., energy, intelligent transport, environmental monitoring…), bIoTope is expected to achieve:

· 3 cross-domain smart city pilots in: i) Helsinki ii) Brussels-Capital Region, iii) Lyon Region;

Sub-objective O1.2:

Transform Ecosystem Stakeholder Requirements into Technical Specifications

Relevant project result: bIoTope SoS reference platform (D2.4) that will guide 3rd parties (e.g., developers external to the project) to re-use/adapt bIoTope components.

The aim of this sub-objective (T2.A to T2.C) is to derive from the requirement analysis carried out in O1.1 the technical specifications of the bIoTope SoS platofrm for IoT and Smart Connected Objects. These specifications will result in a set of structuring principles and interfaces across the different software components developed in the RTD WPs. bIoTope is expected to achieve a software repository that is:

· 100% compliant with OSS requirements, thus completely usable to develop OSS projects;

· >50% of components offered as OSS solutions;

· 70% IoT IM (Information model) and DM (Domain model) compliance (e.g., key IoT-A models);

Objective 2 (denoted O2): Build a Secure, Open & Standardised SoS Platform for IoT

bIoTope uses the “Everything-as-a-Service” (XaaS) paradigm, where 6 key XaaS topics, considered as essential for any SoS Platforms for Connected Smart Objects, will form sub-objectives of O2 (cf Fig. 2). Each XaaS will result in one or more standards-based software components – the whole forming the bIoTope XaaS Suite – that will enable platforms such as FI-WARE, OpenIoT, DIALOG, etc., to easily publish, discover and consume information and services in a unified, open and standardised way across each other. The set of XaaS software component development will be carried out in WP3, WP4 and WP5. bIoTope expects to achieve:

· 75% time-reduction in software development for API integrators and maintainers;

· 50% cost-reduction in software development for API integrators and maintainers.

Sub-objective O2.1:

Develop Information-as-a-Service (IaaS) and Billing-as-a-Service (BaaS)

Relevant project results: IaaS and BaaS components in the XaaS Suite, through which developers will be able to easily and reliably integrate their platform in the bIoTope SoS ecosystem (WP3).

bIoTope aims (in T3.A to T3.C) to integrate a standards-based framework, around Open API standards, for the publication of information provided and consumable by heterogeneous Smart Objects. This framework will benefit from recent IoT standards published by TOG (partner), namely the O-MI (Open-Messaging Interface) and O-DF (Open-Data Format) standards[footnoteRef:5]. Suitable billing mechanisms for IoT will be developed to support micro-transactions (e.g., to sell sensor data) for facilitating IoT market creation. bIoTope expects to achieve: [5: (O-DF) https://www2.opengroup.org/ogsys/catalog/C14A; (O-MI) https://www2.opengroup.org/ogsys/catalog/C14B]

· 2 IaaS components: i) Information source publication and consumption service (D3.1); ii) Identity creation, management and authentication service in IoT (D3.2);

· 1 BaaS component: Safe Micro-Billing Framework for IoT (D3.3).

Sub-objective O2.2: Develop Knowledge-as-a-Service (KaaS)

Relevant project result: KaaS components in the bIoTope XaaS Suite through which end-users can create new knowledge and make money out of it (WP4).

Access to information from many sources makes it possible to create new Knowledge, in new ways. Knowledge sharing between distinct systems increases its usability and commercial value. bIoTope will take full advantage of semantic web, data analytics and machine learning tools to create value from data, turning it into information, further to knowledge, and ultimately into money using bIoTope BaaS software components. This objective will be achieved in tasks T4.B, T4.C and T4.D, and expects to achieve:

· >15 KaaS components in three respects, for: i) Edge data storage and filtering services (D4.2); ii) Knowledge representation (D4.3), iii) Knowledge extraction (D4.4) services.

Sub-objective O2.3: Develop Context-as-a-Service (CaaS)

Relevant project results: CaaS components in the XaaS Suite, enabling more effective cognitive/self-adaptive systems (WP4).

Once knowledge is generated and ‘valued’, it can be applied towards more intelligent interactions, products and services. bIoTope will leverage (in T4.E) system cognition and self-adaptation capabilities by pushing forward current practices in Context-Awareness, and particularly by developing Context-as-a-Service (also called “Context Broker” by Gartner [3]) that opens up huge opportunities to better support context-aware business decisions, as well as consumers in their everyday work and life. bIoTope expects to achieve:

· >15 CaaS components for: i) Context-Broker toolkit; ii) Self-adaptive/Cognitive services (D4.5).

Sub-objective O2.4: Develop Security-as-a-Service (SaaS)

Relevant project results: Highly context-sensitive security and privacy services, including novel partial opt-out techniques (WP3)

bIoTope will develop (in T3.D) new systems that are “context-sensitive”, i.e. able to self-adapt protection and privacy policies based on one or more “Context dimensions” – delivered by CaaS components – related to a human being or physical object (e.g., location, situation, environment, role…). bIoTope expects to achieve:

· >90% (full) end-to-end data and privacy control solution for end-users;

· 2 SaaS components for: Context-sensitive security & privacy with novel opt-out techniques (D3.4).

Sub-objective O2.5:

User Interaction-as-a-Service (UIaaS)

Relevant project results: Highly context-sensitive user interactions, including a service composition toolkit to enable end-users to graphically combine cross-domain data sources, knowledge, contexts and other processing services (WP5).

The ‘ease-of-use’ is key to fostering acceptance of any technological innovation. To gain widespread credence, novel products or services must be intuitive so that users can use them without particular skills. bIoTope increases the acceptance of IoT-applications by designing (in T5.B, T5.C) context-sensitive end-user interactions including, among other things, city dashboards able to self-adapt to user’s and object’s situation, but also to street’s context such as traffic jams, accidents… (i.e., context-dimensions provided by CaaS). bIoTope expects to achieve:

· >15 UIaaS components: i) Service composition toolkit (D5.2), ii) 2D and 3D UI widgets library for city dashboards (D5.3), iii) Context-sensitive end-user dashboards (D5.4)

Objective 3 (denoted O3): Deploy, Test and Validate the bIoTope XaaS Suite in Large-Scale City Pilots (Proofs-of-Concept)

Objective O3 aims to deploy, test and validate the whole bIoTope XaaS Suite under real-life conditions. In other words, and as depicted in Fig. 2, the XaaS software components developed in WP3 (IaaS, BaaS, SaaS), WP4 (KaaS, CaaS) and WP5 (UIaaS) will be deployed and tested in WP6 (based on the large-scale pilot specifications defined in Objective O.1.1), while using Open Calls in WP7. Different combinations, usages, tests of those components will be carried out in each pilot. bIoTope expects to achieve:

· 30% increased length of battery operation of electric car on a daily basis – Smart Mobility pilot

· 20% increased electric car battery life time – Smart Mobility pilot

· 20% energy-reduction in smart building pilot – Smart Building

· 25% enhanced predicted failure rate regarding HVAC equipment – Smart Building pilot

· 50% enhanced early pollution detection – Smart Air Quality pilot

· 80% time reduction for creating new services based on available information sources coming from different application domains – Cross-Domain Smart City Pilots

· ≥50% acceptance of services by citizens (collecting user feedback with a specific UIaaS widget)

Sub-objective 3.1: Bring key local city actors in the involved cities to guarantee the pilot and SoS ecosystem growth & sustainability

Relevant project result: Concrete Proofs for city communities that local SMEs and start-ups have successfully entered into and benefit from the bIoTope SoS platform and associated ecosystem, thus acting as incentive schemes for other local SMEs/start-ups/municipalities.

bIoTope aims (in T7.A and T7.B) to organise open calls during the use case piloting in two respects: i) providing competences and technologies needed for the successful completion of the projects; ii) engaging local developer communities and expanding the scope and scale of the pilots. bIoTope expects to achieve:

· 1 documented approach to ecosystem orchestration to ensure the maturity and growth of bIoTope SoS ecosystems, create transformative capabilities for partners for the future, and enhance the sustainability of the collaboration and created services during, and after the project (D8.1);

· ≥6 new applications/services developed by the Open Call enhanced ecosystem. Distinct calls (1/city + 1 for the Smart Air Quality pilot) will be published at M17 and closed after evaluation and negotiation at M21 (see D7.2), with a budget of 750 000€ dedicated to the open calls. We expect to receive applications from more than 25 organisations.

Sub-objective 3.2: Evaluation and Validation of the Pilot Proofs-of-Concept

Relevant project result: 6 Proofs of con

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