My topic is mental health of student, focusing on college students or children. Creating a Needs Assessment In this assign

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Mental Health in college students

Alexis Heard

Program Design in Kinesiology

Dr. G. Palevo

Columbus State University

February 9, 2022

Mental Health in College Students

Mental health is a serious public health issue that impacts society at large. It includes mental conditions, depression, anxiety, and physical symptoms such as insomnia, fatigue, headaches, and back pain. When compared to other people, college students are routinely found to experience high rates of mental distress. For example, compared with the rest population, Australian medical students exhibited much higher levels of psychological distress. According to studies, mental anguish is more common among college students in Asian and Sub-Saharan African countries. According to Mboya et al. (2020), the largest incidence reported was 71.9 percent among medical students at Jizan Higher education institution in Saudi Arabia, almost identical to the percentage observed in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania among non-medical students that were at 70 percent. Mental health issues like mental distress are underreported in many parts of the world. This review will discuss mental illness, focusing on anxiety and depression among college students and its relationship to suicidal thoughts and programming intervention.

College students are likely to have a high rate of mental health disorders. It could be because college coincides with a difficult period for many regular and non-traditional first-year college students. Traditional students enroll for college after high school, and they are younger and still dependent on their parents for financial support. Therefore, they have no full-time work, and in some cases, they do not even have part-time (Bruffaerts et al., 2018). Consequently, concerning academic pressure, these students may experience trouble when handling additional adult-based obligations with no prior skills and intellectual competence required for adulthood. Many typical college students may encounter possibly stressful events for the very first time, like work, being in a committed relationship, or having roommates with different religions and cultural systems.

On the other hand, students who take a non-traditional approach are likely to be employed full-time and may have dependents that need their support. Due to this, many students have challenges trying to balance educational requirements with family and employment obligations. Most college students might experience persistence, aggravation, or initiation of mental and substance abuse disorders in these situations, with little or no care. The percentage of young individuals with psychological problems attending college has raised dramatically as awareness of child mental health problems has grown, as has the usage of more psychotropic drugs. A study conducted by Broglia et al. (2018) indicates increased severity of mental health needs among college students, and the demand is rapidly increasing every day. According to this study, increased tuition fees and broadening engagement schemes contribute to this problem. Broglia et al. (2018) also demonstrate overlapping interest in providing mobile applications that help students manage mental health and offer the potential to handle mental health challenges they face.

Most mental health issues peak in adolescence or early adulthood. According to Pedrelli et al. (2015), by the time young people reach the age of 25 years, seventy-five percent of them will have suffered from a mental condition and have already experienced certain symptoms. The increased upheavals linked to college may precipitate existing psychological issues that first emerged in childhood in conventional students. Students may face increased mental health symptoms or might have a recurrence given the demands of their various responsibilities.

Anxiety in College Students

 Anxiety disorders are a mental health issue among the most prevalent in college students, with the most of them struggling with the disorder. Social phobia is the earliest of the generalized anxiety disorder, whereas panic disorder, GAD, and PTSD appear later. In a population of older teenagers, the ages at which psychiatric illnesses first appear are when they join college. Many universities have documented a rise in the number of students suffering from anxiety, as mental health problems continue to be a major concern for many students. White's study (2022) found a link between a greater desire for cognitive comprehension and increased stress levels and anxiety. The findings have important implications for students who have been under a lot of stress because of the COVID-19 outbreak.

Depression in College Students

Another mental disorder is depression which is among the most common psychological problem among college students. Depression is a serious issue today all over the world. Every nation is investing millions of dollars in solving related psychological problems, depression being one of them. The research survey was done by Sahin et al. (2021) on college students shows a total rate of 58% variance predictor of likelihood among the student population who will be suffering from psychological issues such as anxiety, stress, or depression. These kinds of problems are hindrances to all way round developments. If not treated, depression can lead to permanent mental disorders among students.

Contrary to what many people may believe, depression is a blues feeling and is a common and serious mental condition that is most of the time underestimated. It affects millions of Americans each year. People experiencing depression often lose interest of day-to-day activities, lack self-esteem, experience a lack of energy, and have difficulties in their sleeping patterns. According to Marck et al. (2021), if it’s not treated depression for a prolonged period, it may lead to poor health, drug, and alcohol abuse as well as suicidal ideation. There is no specific cause of depression, but it is often associated with the reoccurrence of one or more symptoms among students. Known forerunners of depression may include genetic inheritance of a chemical called neurological, chronic health illnesses, substance abuse, and high level of stress. There are different types of depression, with the most common one being clinical depression. Symptoms and signs vary depending on the severity, although they can also be specific to different students. After being diagnosed with clinical depression, they will likely experience the signs for the remaining part of their lives.

Relationship between Mental Disorders, Stress and Suicidal thoughts

A clinical study conducted by Wongpakaran et al. (2021), the research explored the relationship between depression, suicidal ideation, personality, and life stress and found the different causes of suicidal thoughts. The study results showed that suicidal thoughts were majorly correlated to anxiety, depression, stress, and personality disorders. Another analysis found that the main predictors of suicide were stressful life events, depression, and extraversion (Lester, 2021). The prevalence of depression among pre-college students shows that depression is very high in pre-university students. The severity and prevalence of depression have been higher in the older age group of students. According to Sazakli et al. (2021), students who studied commerce and statistics suffered more than art and science students. The condition was also relatively higher for male students, especially those studying in Government colleges.

Technology Use in Mental Health Programming

Technology can address the problem of minimal health care seeking among college kids. As stated previously, both conventional and non-traditional students express not seeking help due to a lack of opportunity or a fear of others might perceive. Technology-based diagnosis and treatment programs would provide confidentiality, be accessible at any time, and potentially behave less financial burden. Kola et al. (2021) discovered that most Nigerian perinatal teenagers possess and use smartphones. They would be eager to use these gadgets for mental health awareness, intervention, and preventative campaigns. In this group, smartphone usage is minimal, and women prefer health intervention using text messaging.

Several other studies have studied Web-based anxiety and depression studies to assess for mental issues amongst college students. Lee et al. (2022) investigated a Web-based strategy for testing for depressive episodes and other suicide risk indicators, with participants receiving a customized evaluation and online discussion with only a professional counselor. They found that at-risk students were more likely to seek help by taking this method. These studies evaluated together, encourage the use of Web-based interventions among college students to improve treatment seeking. Furthermore, offering computer-based interventions to students who are worried about being stigmatized or have little time may be beneficial. For instance, there is a variety of cognitive-behavioral therapeutic interventions demonstrated to be beneficial for treating a variety of mental health issues.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the issue of mental health amongst college students has become prevalent. Difficulties of early adulthood, drugs and alcohol abuse, and academic pressure to perform can result in mental illness or worsen pre-existing conditions. Most students suffer from anxiety and depression, which go untreated because they are afraid of seeking help because of stigmatization or lack awareness of these conditions. Since there are no adequate interventions that involve adherence to mental health treatment, the issue often becomes chronic. Therefore, it’s imperative to develop outreach mental health programs that aim to encourage adherence to therapy and other treatment interventions. It’s vital to involve family as college students are still dependent on their families. In addition, since the school curriculum might affect a realistic approach, healthcare providers must guarantee that therapy will be provided all year round for college students. They should also collaborate with other practitioners concerned about providing mental health treatments to students. Clinical intervention demands expertise and knowledge of students' developmental psychology, concerns for college students, family structures, and the healthcare system.

References

Broglia, E., Millings, A., & Barkham, M. (2018). Challenges to addressing student mental health in embedded counseling services: the UK higher and further education institutions survey. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 46(4), 441-455.

Bruffaerts, R., Mortier, P., Kiekens, G., Auerbach, R. P., Cuijpers, P., Demyttenaere, K., … & Kessler, R. C. (2018). Mental health problems in first-year college students: Prevalence and academic functioning. Journal of affective disorders, 225, 97-103.

Kola, L., Abiona, D., Adefolarin, A. O., & Ben-Zeev, D. (2021). Mobile phone use and acceptability for delivering mental health information among perinatal adolescents in Nigeria: a survey study. JMIR Mental Health, 8(1), e20314.

Lee, S., Lim, J., Lee, S., Heo, Y., & Jung, D. (2022). Group-tailored feedback on online mental health screening for university students: using cluster analysis. BMC Primary Care, 23(1), 1-14.

Lester, D. (2021). Depression, Suicidal Ideation and the Big Five Personality Traits. Austin J Psychiatry Behav Sci, 7(1), 1077.

Marck, C. H., Hunter, A., Butler, E., Allan, M., Edward, K. L., Giles, A., … & Grech, L. B. (2021). Assessment and treatment of depression in people with multiple sclerosis: A qualitative analysis of specialist clinicians’ experiences. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 103362.

Mboya, I. B., John, B., Kibopile, E. S., Mhando, L., George, J., & Ngocho, J. S. (2020). Factors associated with mental distress among undergraduate students in northern Tanzania. BMC psychiatry, 20(1), 1-7.

Pedrelli, P., Nyer, M., Yeung, A., Zulauf, C., & Wilens, T. (2015). College students: mental health problems and treatment considerations. Academic psychiatry, 39(5), 503-511.

Sahin Baltaci, H., Kucuker, D., Ozkilic, I., Karatas, U. Y., & Ozdemir, H. A. (2021). Investigation of Variables Predicting Depression in College Students. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 92, 211-225.

Sazakli, E., Leotsinidis, M., Bakola, M., Kitsou, K. S., Katsifara, A., Konstantopoulou, A., & Jelastopulu, E. (2021). Prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression in students at a Greek university during COVID-19 lockdown. Journal of public health research, 10(3).

White, H. A. (2022). Need for cognitive closure predicts the stress and anxiety of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Personality and Individual Differences, 187, 111393.

Wongpakaran, N., Oon-Arom, A., Karawekpanyawong, N., Lohanan, T., Leesawat, T., & Wongpakaran, T. (2021, October). Borderline Personality Symptoms: What Not to Be Overlooked When Approaching Suicidal Ideation among University Students. In Healthcare (Vol. 9, No. 10, p. 1399). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute.

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Creating a Needs Assessment In this assignment, create a needs assessment outline that describes and documents the health status issue that your project will address and the target population it will serve. The purpose of the needs assessment is to help reviewers understand the community and/or organization (i.e., the population) that will be served by your proposed project. The needs assessment document should describe the need for the project in the proposed locale and include baseline data on the prevalence and demographic characteristics of the targeted population as well as supporting racial/ethnic data. The document should provide a description of the prevalence of health indicators (e.g., overweight, obesity) in the proposed geographic area. It should describe the current availability of preventive health services that address the health issue in the targeted group. In addition, discuss any relevant barriers in the service area that your project hopes to overcome. You should also describe gaps in the current provision of services as well as gaps in knowledge and the capacity of health care providers and key public/private community agencies to adequately screen, routinely assess, effectively intervene, and/or coordinate their efforts within a comprehensive network of preventive health services. Here is a suggested structure for your needs assessment outline. It should be between 3 and 5 pages in length.      I.   Health Status           a.   Introduce the health issue           b.   How does the health issue affect the target population?     II.   Community Description           a.   Describe the setting, which might include national, state, local, or campus information depending on the program scope   III.    Needs Assessment           a.   Qualitative assessment           b.   Quantitative assessment   IV.   Community Link           a.   What is currently being offered to the specific population?           b.   Will the proposed program be complementary, competing, or new to the area?

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