Explain the Youth Firearms Violence Initiative. Choose

Skip to main content eBook: Juvenile Justice

• descriptionCoverCover
• descriptionTitlei
• descriptionStatement Statement
• descriptionCopyrightii
• descriptionBrief Contentsiii
• descriptionContentsiv
• descriptionvv
• descriptionvivi
• descriptionviivii
• descriptionviiiviii
• descriptionixix
• descriptionxx
• descriptionxixi
• descriptionxiixii
• descriptionxiiixiii
• descriptionForewordxiv
• descriptionxvxv
• keyboard_arrow_rightPrefacexvi
  • descriptionThe Approach of This Textxvi
  • descriptionOrganization of the Textxvii
  • keyboard_arrow_rightNew to This Editionxviii
    • descriptionChapter 1 Juvenile Justice: Defi nitions, Measurement and Processxviii
    • descriptionChapter 2 The History and Philosophy behind the Juvenile Justice Systemxviii
    • descriptionChapter 3 Theories of Delinquency and Juvenile Offendingxviii
    • descriptionChapter 4 Youths in Society: Developmental Risk and Protective Factorsxviii
    • descriptionChapter 5 Juvenile Victimsxix
    • descriptionChapter 6 Juvenile Offendersxix
    • descriptionChapter 7 Youth Gangsxix
    • descriptionChapter 8 The Police and Juvenilesxix
    • descriptionChapter 9 Pretrial Services and Diversionxx
    • descriptionChapter 10 The Juvenile Courtxx
    • descriptionChapter 11 Juvenile Correctionsxx
    • descriptionChapter 12 Preventing Delinquency and Recidivismxx
    • descriptionChapter 13 Juvenile Justice at a Crossroads: The Continuing Call for Reform (previously called Epilogue)xx
  • descriptionHow to Use This Bookxx
  • keyboard_arrow_rightSupplementsxxi
    • descriptionInstructor Resourcesxxi
    • descriptionxxiixxii
    • descriptionStudent Resourcesxxiii
  • descriptionAcknowledgmentsxxiii
  • descriptionxxivxxiv
• descriptionAbout the Authorsxxv
• descriptionxxvixxvi
• keyboard_arrow_rightCh 1: Juvenile Justice: Definitions, Measurements and Process1
  • description11
  • descriptionIntroduction2
  • descriptionThe Scope of the Juvenile Justice System3
  • description44
  • descriptionWho Is a Juvenile?3
  • descriptionWhat Is Justice?5
  • description66
  • description77
  • description88
  • description99
  • description1010
  • description1111
  • description1212
  • description1313
  • keyboard_arrow_rightMeasuring the Number of Juvenile Victimizations and Offenses6
    • descriptionThe FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)6
    • descriptionThe National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)9
    • descriptionThe Bureau of Justice Statistics National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)9
    • descriptionThe UCR and NCVS Compared10
    • descriptionSelf-Reports10
  • descriptionThe Media’s Effect on Public Perception of Juveniles14
  • description1515
  • descriptionTerminology14
  • descriptionOrganization and Structure of Juvenile Justice16
  • keyboard_arrow_rightThe Juvenile Justice Process17
    • descriptionArrest17
    • descriptionReferral17
    • descriptionIntake17
    • descriptionDiversion18
    • descriptionDetention18
    • descriptionPetitioning/Charges Filed18
    • descriptionAdjudication Hearing/Delinquency Finding19
    • descriptionDispositional Hearing19
    • descriptionProbation19
    • descriptionConfinement in a Secure Correctional Facility19
    • descriptionTransfer to Adult Court19
  • descriptionThe Juvenile Justice System and the Criminal Justice System Compared20
  • description2121
  • description2222
  • description2323
  • description2424
  • description2525
  • description2626
  • keyboard_arrow_rightIssues in Juvenile Justice22
    • descriptionTo Divert or Not?22
    • descriptionWhich Is More Just: A Conservative or a Liberal Approach to Delinquency?24
    • descriptionConfidentiality versus Openness25
    • descriptionDisproportionate Minority Contact (DMC)26
  • descriptionSummary27
  • descriptionDiscussion Questions28
  • descriptionReferences28
  • descriptionHelpful Resource28
• keyboard_arrow_rightCh 2: The History and Philosophy behind the Juvenile Justice System29
  • description2929
  • description3030
  • descriptionIntroduction31
  • description3232
  • descriptionSocial Control in Early Societies31
  • descriptionDevelopments in England: A Brief Overview31
  • descriptionThe Development of Juvenile Justice in the United States33
  • descriptionThe Puritan Period (1646–1824)34
  • keyboard_arrow_rightThe Refuge Period (1824–1899)35
    • descriptionHouses of Refuge35
    • description3636
    • descriptionReform Schools37
    • descriptionFoster Homes37
    • descriptionThe Child Savers37
    • descriptionOther Developments during the Refuge Period38
  • keyboard_arrow_rightThe Juvenile Court Period (1899–1960)39
    • descriptionThe 1899 Juvenile Court Act39
    • description4040
    • descriptionEarly Efforts at Diversion: The Chicago Boy’s Court and Youth Counsel Bureau41
    • description4242
    • descriptionFederal Government Concern and Involvement41
  • keyboard_arrow_rightThe Juvenile Rights Period (1960–1980)43
    • description4343
    • descriptionThe Four Ds of Juvenile Justice44
    • descriptionThe Kent Decision45
    • descriptionThe Gault Decision45
    • descriptionThe President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice46
    • descriptionYouth Service Bureaus47
    • descriptionThe Uniform Juvenile Court Act48
    • descriptionThe White House Conference on Children and Youth48
    • descriptionThe Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention and the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act49
    • descriptionA Return to Due Process Issues: Other Landmark Cases50
    • description5151
    • descriptionThe Issue of Right to Treatment52
    • descriptionDecriminalization of Status Offenses52
    • descriptionDevelopment of Standards for Juvenile Justice52
  • keyboard_arrow_rightThe Crime Control Period (1980–Present)53
    • description5353
    • description5454
    • descriptionSchall v. Martin (1984) and Preventive Detention55
  • descriptionStill Evolving56
  • description5757
  • descriptionSummary58
  • descriptionDiscussion Questions59
  • descriptionReferences59
  • descriptionCases Cited60
• keyboard_arrow_rightCh 3: Theories of Delinquency and Juvenile Offending61
  • description6161
  • descriptionIntroduction62
  • descriptionJustice and the Law63
  • description6464
  • description6565
  • keyboard_arrow_rightPurposes of Law64
    • descriptionConsensus Theory64
    • descriptionConflict Theory65
  • keyboard_arrow_rightTwo Competing Views on Crime and Criminality66
    • descriptionThe Classical View66
    • description6767
    • descriptionThe Positivist View68
  • keyboard_arrow_rightTheoretical Causes of Crime and Delinquency: A Brief Overview69
    • description6969
    • descriptionRational Choice Theory70
    • description7171
    • description7272
    • descriptionBiosocial Perspective70
    • descriptionPsychological Theories73
    • description7474
    • descriptionSociological Theories75
    • description7676
    • description7777
    • description7878
    • description7979
    • description8080
    • descriptionLearning Theories81
    • descriptionCritical Theories82
  • descriptionA Summary of Theories on the Causes of Crime and Delinquency83
  • descriptionGeneral Theories of Crime84
  • description8585
  • descriptionSummary86
  • descriptionDiscussion Questions87
  • description8888
  • descriptionReferences89
  • description9090
  • descriptionHelpful Resources89
• keyboard_arrow_rightCh 4: Youth in Society: Developmental Risks and Protective Factors91
  • description9191
  • description9292
  • descriptionIntroduction93
  • description9494
  • description9595
  • description9696
  • description9797
  • keyboard_arrow_rightNormal Child Development—A Brief Overview93
    • descriptionThe Importance of Infancy and Childhood93
    • descriptionAdolescence95
    • descriptionA Summary of Social Cognition and Moral Development97
  • keyboard_arrow_rightThe Influence of the Family98
    • description9898
    • descriptionSocialization and Values99
    • descriptionAmerican Child-Rearing Rights and Parenting Practices100
    • description101101
  • descriptionThe Path to Victimization and Delinquency: At-Risk Behaviors and Circumstances102
  • keyboard_arrow_rightIndividual Risk Factors103
    • description103103
    • descriptionEarly Antisocial Behavior and Aggression104
    • description105105
    • description106106
    • descriptionOppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder107
    • descriptionDevelopmental and Cognitive Disabilities108
    • descriptionPrenatal Exposure to Cigarette Smoking, Drugs, Alcohol and HIV109
    • descriptionSubstance Abuse110
    • description111111
    • descriptionEarly Sexual Activity and Teen Pregnancy112
    • descriptionA Debate: Does Exposure to Violence on Television, in Films and in Video Games Cause Violence in Youth?112
    • descriptionRace113
  • keyboard_arrow_rightFamily Risk Factors114
    • descriptionDivorce and Broken Homes114
    • descriptionPoverty115
    • descriptionParent Criminality and Incarceration116
    • descriptionSeparation from Parents and Foster Care117
    • descriptionPoor Family Management and Parenting Styles117
    • descriptionPoor Family Attachment or Bonding118
    • description119119
    • keyboard_arrow_rightSchool Risk Factors119
      • descriptionTruancy and Frequent Absences119
      • descriptionDropping Out of School119
    • descriptionPeer Risk Factors120
    • descriptionCommunity Risk Factors121
    • description122122
    • keyboard_arrow_rightProtective Factors122
      • descriptionIndividual Protective Factors122
      • descriptionFamily Protective Factors122
      • descriptionSchool Protective Factors122
      • descriptionPeer Protective Factors122
      • descriptionCommunity Protective Factors122
    • descriptionEarly Work Experiences: A Risk or Protective Factor?123
    • keyboard_arrow_rightPrevention and Early Intervention Efforts124
      • descriptionHelping America’s Youth (HAY)124
  • descriptionSummary125
  • descriptionDiscussion Questions126
  • description127127
  • description128128
  • descriptionReferences126
• keyboard_arrow_rightCh 5: Juvenile Victims129
  • description129129
  • description130130
  • descriptionIntroduction131
  • description132132
  • description133133
  • descriptionDefining Child Maltreatment and Rating Its Severity131
  • keyboard_arrow_rightChild Neglect134
    • description134134
    • description135135
    • description136136
    • descriptionIndicators of Neglect137
  • keyboard_arrow_rightPhysical or Emotional Child Abuse137
    • descriptionChild Abuse and Neglect Laws137
    • description138138
    • description139139
    • descriptionIndicators of Physical Abuse140
    • descriptionIndicators of Emotional Abuse140
    • descriptionCauses of or Risk Factors for Child Abuse140
    • descriptionDomestic and Family Violence141
    • description142142
    • descriptionChild Abuse and the Link with Delinquency143
  • keyboard_arrow_rightChild Sexual Abuse144
    • descriptionChild Pornography144
    • descriptionChild Sexual Abuse and the Internet145
    • descriptionIndicators of Sexual Abuse146
    • descriptionConsequences of Being Sexually Abused146
    • descriptionCultural Values and Sexual Abuse147
    • descriptionThe Issue of Credibility147
  • descriptionChildren and Youths as Victims of Crime and Violence148
  • keyboard_arrow_rightMissing and Exploited Children149
    • description149149
    • descriptionMissing Benign Explanation150
    • description151151
    • description152152
    • descriptionMissing Involuntary, Lost or Injured150
    • descriptionRunaway/Thrownaway150
    • descriptionNonfamily Abduction153
    • descriptionStereotypical Kidnapping153
    • descriptionFamily Abduction153
    • descriptionA Child Abduction Response Team (CART)154
    • descriptionAMBER Alert154
    • descriptionResponsibility for Investigating Missing and Exploited Children155
  • descriptionBullying156
  • descriptionYouths and Suicide157
  • keyboard_arrow_rightExemplary Programs to Prevent or Reduce Child Victimization158
    • descriptionNurse–Family Partnership158
    • descriptionBuilding Peaceful Families159
    • descriptionSafe Kids/Safe Streets159
  • descriptionThe Juvenile Victim Justice System160
  • descriptionSummary161
  • descriptionDiscussion Questions162
  • description163163
  • descriptionReferences162
  • descriptionCases Cited164
• keyboard_arrow_rightCh 6: Juvenile Offenders165
  • description165165
  • descriptionIntroduction166
  • descriptionAn Overview of Juvenile Offenses167
  • description168168
  • description169169
  • description170170
  • description171171
  • description172172
  • description173173
  • description174174
  • description175175
  • keyboard_arrow_rightStatus Offenders and Offenses170
    • descriptionRunning Away170
    • descriptionTruancy170
    • descriptionCurfew Violations170
    • descriptionUnderage Drinking172
    • descriptionOther Problem Behaviors174
  • keyboard_arrow_rightJuvenile Delinquents and Delinquency176
    • description176176
    • description177177
    • descriptionProperty Offenses Committed by Juveniles178
    • description179179
    • description180180
    • descriptionViolent Crime Committed by Juveniles181
  • keyboard_arrow_rightProfile of Delinquency182
    • description182182
    • descriptionAge Trends183
    • descriptionFemale Delinquents183
    • descriptionMinority Offenders184
    • descriptionCo-Offending185
  • keyboard_arrow_rightSerious, Chronic and Violent Juvenile Offenders186
    • description186186
    • descriptionSerious Child Delinquents187
    • descriptionChronic Juvenile Offenders and Recidivism187
    • descriptionViolent Juvenile Offenders188
  • descriptionAdolescents with Illegal Sexual Behavior189
  • descriptionJuvenile Gun Violence190
  • descriptionPredictors of Youth Violence191
  • description192192
  • descriptionSystem Response to Violent Juvenile Offenders193
  • descriptionThe Public Health Model and the Juvenile Justice Perspective194
  • descriptionAre Delinquency and Youth Violence Inevitable?195
  • descriptionSummary195
  • descriptionDiscussion Questions196
  • description197197
  • descriptionReferences196
  • descriptionCase Cited198
  • descriptionHelpful Resource198
• keyboard_arrow_downCh 7: Youth Gangs199
  • description199199
  • descriptionIntroduction200
  • descriptionDefinitions201
  • keyboard_arrow_rightOrganization and Classification of Youth Gangs202
    • description202202
    • descriptionGang Leadership and Membership203
    • description204204
    • descriptionClassifications of Gangs and Gang Members205
    • description206206
  • descriptionThe Extent and Migration of Youth Gangs207
  • description208208
  • descriptionGang Formation: Risk Factors and Reasons Why Youths Join Gangs209
  • description210210
  • description211211
  • description212212
  • description213213
  • keyboard_arrow_rightIdentifying Characteristics of Gangs214
    • descriptionGang Names214
    • descriptionSymbols214
    • descriptionClothing214
    • descriptionCommunication Styles215
    • descriptionTattoos216
    • description217217
  • descriptionIllegal Activities of Youth Gangs218
  • description219219
  • description220220
  • descriptionYouth Gang Violence and Victimization221
  • description222222
  • descriptionYouth Gangs and Drugs221
  • descriptionThe Gangs–Drugs–Violence Nexus223
  • keyboard_arrow_rightRecognizing a Youth Gang Problem224
    • descriptionIdentifying Gang Members224
    • descriptionGangs in Schools224
  • keyboard_arrow_rightResponding to an Existing Youth Gang Problem225
    • descriptionSuppression and Law Enforcement Efforts225
    • description226226
    • descriptionArresting and Prosecuting Gang Members227
    • descriptionPulling Levers: The Boston Gun Project and Operation Ceasefire228
    • description229229
  • descriptionYouth Gang Prevention Efforts230
  • descriptionSummary231
  • description232232
  • descriptionDiscussion Questions231
  • descriptionReferences231
  • descriptionCase Cited233
  • description234234
• keyboard_arrow_downCh 8: The Police and Juveniles235
  • description235235
  • descriptionIntroduction236
  • keyboard_arrow_rightThe Police Response to Neglected and Abused Children237
    • description237237
    • descriptionChallenges to Investigation238
    • descriptionEvidence239
    • descriptionA Protocol for Responding to Child Abuse and Neglect239
  • descriptionLaw Enforcement’s Disposition of Status Offenders239
  • keyboard_arrow_rightThe Police Response to Delinquency240
    • descriptionPolice Discretion and the Initial Contact240
    • descriptionTaken into Custody241
    • description242242
    • descriptionThe Juvenile Holdover243
    • descriptionDetention244
    • descriptionProsecution244
  • keyboard_arrow_downThe Police Response to Juvenile Gun Crime245
    • descriptionYouth Firearms Violence Initiative245
    • description246246
    • descriptionProject Safe Neighborhoods245
  • keyboard_arrow_rightThe Police Response to Youth Crime and Violence in Our Schools247
    • description247247
    • descriptionThe School Resource Officer (SRO) Program248
    • description249249
    • description250250
    • descriptionBullying251
    • description252252
    • description253253
    • descriptionSchool Shootings254
    • description255255
    • description256256
    • descriptionIn Search of Safer Schools257
    • description258258
    • description259259
    • descriptionOther Efforts to Prevent School Violence260
  • descriptionPartnerships and Community Policing261
  • description262262
  • descriptionPolice as Mentors to At-Risk Youths263
  • descriptionSummary263
  • descriptionDiscussion Questions264
  • description265265
  • description266266
  • descriptionReferences264
• keyboard_arrow_rightCh 9: Pretrial Services and Diversion267
  • description267267
  • descriptionIntroduction268
  • descriptionCustody269
  • descriptionDetention270
  • keyboard_arrow_rightIntake271
    • description271271
    • descriptionWho Should Decide: The Juvenile Prosecutor or Intake Officer?272
    • descriptionThe Intake Hearing272
    • descriptionAssessment273
    • description274274
    • descriptionPrinciples of Effective Interventions275
  • descriptionDiversion from Formal Juvenile Court276
  • description277277
  • description278278
  • keyboard_arrow_rightDiversion to Specialized Courts279
    • descriptionTeen Court279
    • description280280
    • description281281
    • description282282
    • description283283
    • descriptionJuvenile Drug Courts284
    • descriptionJuvenile Mental Health Courts285
    • descriptionJuvenile Gun Courts286
    • descriptionJuvenile Traffic Court287
  • keyboard_arrow_rightBalanced and Restorative Justice288
    • description288288
    • descriptionVictim–Offender Mediation289
    • descriptionCommunity Reparative Boards289
    • descriptionFamily Group Conferencing290
    • descriptionCircle Sentencing290
    • descriptionConsiderations When Using a Restorative Justice Approach291
    • description292292
  • descriptionNet Widening293
  • descriptionThe Importance of Timely Case Processing293
  • descriptionSummary293
  • descriptionDiscussion Questions294
  • description295295
  • description296296
  • descriptionReferences294
• keyboard_arrow_rightCh 10: The Juvenile Court297
  • description297297
  • descriptionIntroduction298
  • keyboard_arrow_rightBasic Philosophy and Purpose of Juvenile Court299
    • descriptionDifferences in Purpose Clauses299
    • descriptionThe Welfare Model versus the Justice Model300
  • keyboard_arrow_rightJurisdiction of the Juvenile Court301
    • descriptionFactors Determining Jurisdiction301
    • description302302
    • descriptionOther Cases within Juvenile Court Jurisdiction303
    • descriptionOffenses Excluded from Juvenile Court Jurisdiction304
    • descriptionVenue and Transfer305
  • descriptionTypes of Juvenile Courts305
  • descriptionCharacteristics of the Juvenile Court305
  • descriptionJuvenile Court Personnel305
  • descriptionCourt Actions for Neglected and Abused Children306
  • description307307
  • description308308
  • keyboard_arrow_rightThe Juvenile Court Process for Delinquency Cases309
    • description309309
    • descriptionThe Petition310
    • descriptionThe Detention Hearing311
    • descriptionThe Adjudication Hearing312
    • description313313
    • descriptionThe Dispositional Hearing312
  • keyboard_arrow_rightTransferring Juveniles to Criminal Court314
    • description314314
    • descriptionPrimary Transfer Mechanisms315
    • description316316
    • description317317
    • description318318
    • description319319
    • description320320
    • descriptionThe Issues of Competency and Culpability321
    • descriptionConsequences of Transferring Juveniles to Adult Court322
    • description323323
    • description324324
  • descriptionJuveniles and Capital Punishment325
  • description326326
  • description327327
  • descriptionJuvenile Delinquency Guidelines for Improving Juvenile Court Practices328
  • descriptionSummary329
  • descriptionDiscussion Questions330
  • descriptionReferences330
  • descriptionCases Cited331
  • description332332
• keyboard_arrow_rightCh 11: Juvenile Corrections333
  • description333333
  • descriptionIntroduction334
  • keyboard_arrow_rightGoals of Corrections335
    • descriptionRetribution335
    • descriptionIncapacitation335
    • descriptionDeterrence335
    • descriptionRehabilitation336
  • descriptionThe Concept of Graduated Sanctions336
  • keyboard_arrow_rightStandard Probation337
    • description337337
    • description338338
    • description339339
    • descriptionThe Probation Officer340
    • description341341
    • descriptionChallenges Facing Probation342
    • descriptionSchool-Based Probation342
  • keyboard_arrow_rightIntermediate Sanctions343
    • descriptionIntensive Supervision Probation (ISP)343
    • description344344
    • descriptionNonsecure Juvenile Residential Facilities345
    • descriptionNonresidential Day Treatment Alternatives346
    • descriptionElectronic Monitoring and Home Detention347
    • descriptionTraining Schools348
    • descriptionBoot Camps348
  • keyboard_arrow_rightInstitutionalization: Long-Term Secure Confinement349
    • description349349
    • descriptionPublic versus Private Institutions350
    • descriptionSocial Structure within Correctional Institutions351
    • description352352
    • description353353
    • descriptionChallenges Facing Juvenile Correctional Facilities351
    • descriptionImproving Conditions of Confinement354
    • descriptionAchieving Effective Correctional Programs for Youth355
    • descriptionThe Importance of Education356
    • descriptionJuveniles Sentenced to Adult Institutions357
  • keyboard_arrow_rightReentry358
    • description358358
    • descriptionPlanning for Reentry359
    • descriptionPrinciples of Intensive Aftercare Programs (IAPs)360
    • descriptionPromising Aftercare Programs361
    • description362362
    • description363363
  • descriptionSummary364
  • descriptionDiscussion Questions364
  • descriptionReferences365
  • descriptionCase Cited366
• keyboard_arrow_rightCh 12: Preventing Delinquency and Recidivism367
  • description367367
  • description368368
  • descriptionIntroduction369
  • descriptionDefining Prevention370
  • descriptionDefining and Measuring Recidivism and Desistance370
  • keyboard_arrow_rightClassifying Prevention Approaches371
    • descriptionPrevention versus Control371
    • descriptionThree Levels of Delinquency Prevention372
  • keyboard_arrow_rightPrevention as an Attack on Causes373
    • description373373
    • descriptionWhich Youth to Target: The Numerator and Denominator Approaches374
    • descriptionPrevention and the Public Health Model374
  • descriptionWhat Works in Preventing Delinquency and Violence?375
  • description376376
  • keyboard_arrow_rightBlueprints for Violence Prevention Initiative377
    • descriptionMidwestern Prevention Project (MPP)377
    • descriptionBig Brothers Big Sisters of America (BBBS)378
    • descriptionFunctional Family Therapy (FFT)379
    • descriptionLifeSkills® Training (LST)379
    • descriptionMultisystemic Therapy (MST)380
    • descriptionNurse–Family Partnership (NFP)380
    • descriptionMultidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC)381
    • descriptionOlweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP)381
    • descriptionPromoting Alternative Thinking Strategies (PATHS)382
    • descriptionThe Incredible Years Series (IYS)383
    • descriptionProject Toward No Drug Abuse (Project TND)384
  • keyboard_arrow_rightTruancy and Dropout Prevention385
    • description385385
    • description386386
    • descriptionCommunities In Schools (CIS)387
    • descriptionAlternative to Suspension Program (ASP)387
    • descriptionAlternative Schools387
    • descriptionSafe Schools/Healthy Students (SSHS) Program387
    • descriptionProject H.E.L.P.: High Expectations Learning Program388
  • descriptionPreventing Delinquency through Improved Child Protection Services (CPS)389
  • description390390
  • description391391
  • keyboard_arrow_rightViolence Prevention390
    • descriptionReducing Gun Violence390
    • descriptionGang Prevention391
  • keyboard_arrow_rightDrug Use Prevention Programs392
    • description392392
    • descriptionDARE393
    • descriptionThe National Commission on Drug-Free Schools393
    • descriptionParents: The Anti-Drug394
    • descriptionA Reality-Based Approach to Drug Education394
    • descriptionDrug Testing in Schools395
  • descriptionMentoring395
  • descriptionTeens, Crime and the Community (TCC)395
  • descriptionA Caution Regarding Net Widening in Prevention Efforts395
  • descriptionSummary396
  • descriptionDiscussion Questions397
  • description398398
  • descriptionReferences397
  • descriptionCase Cited397
• keyboard_arrow_rightCh 13: Juvenile Justice at a Crossroads: The Continuing Call for Reform399
  • description399399
  • descriptionIntroduction400
  • description401401
  • descriptionFederal Advisory Committee on Juvenile Justice402
  • description403403
  • description404404
  • description405405
  • keyboard_arrow_rightA Blueprint for Juvenile Justice Reform403
    • descriptionReduce Institutionalization403
    • descriptionReduce Racial Disparity403
    • descriptionEnsure Access to Quality Counsel403
    • descriptionCreate a Range of Community-Based Alternatives404
    • descriptionRecognize and Serve Youths with Specialized Needs405
    • descriptionCreate Smaller Rehabilitative Institutions405
    • descriptionImprove Aftercare and Reentry405
    • descriptionMaximize Youth,
      

      Collepals.com Plagiarism Free Papers

      Are you looking for custom essay writing service or even dissertation writing services? Just request for our write my paper service, and we'll match you with the best essay writer in your subject! With an exceptional team of professional academic experts in a wide range of subjects, we can guarantee you an unrivaled quality of custom-written papers.

      Get ZERO PLAGIARISM, HUMAN WRITTEN ESSAYS

      Why Hire Collepals.com writers to do your paper?

      Quality- We are experienced and have access to ample research materials.

      We write plagiarism Free Content

      Confidential- We never share or sell your personal information to third parties.

      Support-Chat with us today! We are always waiting to answer all your questions.