Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal Programs and Acts
🌲 Programs
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Put young men to work on environmental projects like planting trees, building trails, and conserving natural resources. It combined job creation with ecological restoration.
Public Works Administration (PWA)
Funded large-scale infrastructure projects — bridges, dams, schools, hospitals — to stimulate the economy and create jobs.
Civil Works Administration (CWA)
Short-lived but crucial: provided immediate jobs during the winter of 1933–34, focusing on smaller local projects like road repairs and school improvements.
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
The largest New Deal agency. It employed millions in public works but also supported artists, writers, and musicians — leaving a cultural legacy as well as infrastructure.
Farm Security Administration (FSA)
Assisted poor farmers with loans, housing, and resettlement. Famous for its documentary photography program that captured the struggles of rural America.
📜 Acts
Home Owners Loan Act
Helped refinance mortgages to prevent foreclosures during the Depression.
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
Tried to stabilize industry by setting fair wages, hours, and prices. Declared unconstitutional in 1935, but it paved the way for labor protections.
Glass-Steagall Act (Banking Act)
Separated commercial and investment banking, established the FDIC to insure deposits — restoring trust in banks.
Securities & Exchange Act
Created the SEC to regulate the stock market and protect investors from fraud.
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act
Funded massive work-relief programs, including the WPA.
Resettlement Administration (RA)
Predecessor to the FSA, aimed at relocating struggling families to more productive farmland.
Rural Electrification Administration (REA)
Brought electricity to rural areas, transforming farm life and productivity.
National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)
Guaranteed workers the right to unionize and bargain collectively — a cornerstone of labor rights.
Social Security Act
Established pensions for the elderly, unemployment insurance, and aid to dependent children — the foundation of America’s social safety net.
Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)
Set minimum wage, maximum hours, and banned child labor in interstate commerce.
Emergency Banking Relief Act
Stabilized banks after the 1933 “bank holiday,” allowing only solvent banks to reopen.
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
Paid farmers to reduce crop production, aiming to raise agricultural prices. Controversial but impactful.
Tennessee Valley Authority Act (TVA)
Created the TVA, which built dams, provided electricity, and modernized the Tennessee Valley region.
✨ Big Picture
Together, these programs and acts:
Revived confidence in banks and markets.
Created millions of jobs through public works.
Strengthened labor rights and protections.
Built long-term infrastructure (dams, roads, schools, electrification).
Established social safety nets that still exist today.
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