Event-based Influences on Development
Age-Graded Events (Normative)
· Occur in a similar way for most people in a particular group
· Affect most people within a given culture at about the same age (this age may vary, though, in different cultures)
· Examples: entering and finishing school, parenthood, marriage, entering the workforce, death of parents, retirement, etc.
History-Graded Events (Normative)
· Common to a particular cohort: a group of people who share a similar experience
· These are generally major historical events so large in scope that they affect the lives of virtually everyone (may have some differences, though, across cultures/geography)
· The impact may vary depending upon the age at which they are experienced (as well as other influential factors).
· Examples: War, 9-11, Recession, COVID-19 Pandemic, etc.
Non-Normative Events
· Experiences that most people do not have, or that occur at times other than the ‘norm’
· Generally unusual occurrences that have a major impact on one’s life
· Examples: Death of a parent when the child is young, death of children before oneself, certain illnesses, abuse, divorce, … but can also be positive life events as well (perhaps the opportunity to experience another culture when young, the birth of a sibling once you are older, embarking upon a second career, etc.
Bonus: Sociocultural-graded influences
· Different effects depending on race, age, economic status, location, etc…
· Not an identified event category, but rather a contextual consideration for analyzing impact of events
· Consider the intersectionality of these influences on how the event impacted you
TIPS & REMINDERS:
~ In addition to the above influences on development, which you are required to identify for each life event, consider also exploring those events within the framework of Bronfenbrenner’s theory (way back in Chapter 1 as well) in exploring the various systems at play in your life at these points in time. Remember to connect each event with various developmental theories appropriate to the stage and to cite your sources/provide evidence from the literature! Consider the influences of gender, culture, sexuality, nature vs. nurture, developmental tasks, etc. There is so much to pull from – your challenge is going to be focusing on just a few pieces and doing that well.
~ Finally – don’t forget to include support in both your introduction section and conclusion! These are essential components and points will be lost for failing to include these as well-formulated sections or if they are lacking in theoretical support.
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