Nursing Research History Evidence Based Practice and Ethics
In nursing, it is important to understand how the profession developed. In Educational Planning: Transition to BS Nursing you learned about the historical foundations of professional nursing. Now let us look at the history of nursing research, what is evidence-based practice and how ethics plays a role in research.
Please discuss the following questions.
Find one historical event in research and discuss how this event has helped move nursing research forward.
Describe what is nursing research and its relation to evidence-based practice.
In reviewing the chapter on ethics in research, please chose one historical research study. Find one way that this study was unethical, chose one ethical principle that was violated, and what you would do to make this study ethical.
Please refer to your text readings and one journal article of your choice to cite and reference.
MORE INFORMATION: Nurses rely on research findings to inform their practice decisions and use critical thinking to apply research directly to specific patient-care situations.
Some dates of Importance in the History of Nursing Research:
1850 Nightingale, first nurse researcher 1952 Nursing Research first published
1963 International Journal of Nursing Studies first published
1967 Image (Sigma Theta Tau Journal) first published, now entitled Journal of Nursing Scholarship
1970 ANA Commission on Nursing Research established
1978 Research in Nursing and Health first published; Advances in Nursing Science first published
1985 National Center for Nursing Research (NCNR) was established within the National Institutes of Health
1993 NCNR was renamed the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR)
1999 American Association of Colleges of Nursing position statement on nursing research
Evidence–Based Practice (EBP) and Importance in Nursing: Polit and Beck (2022) describes EBP as “a practice that involves making clinical decisions based on clinical judgment, patient preferences, and on the best available evidence, usually evidence from disciplined research” (p. 384). When nursing uses evidence in their practice patients have better outcomes, nursing care becomes more efficient, errors within the decision-making process are less frequent and consumers become more informed when making decisions.
Evidence can be used in nursing practice as a basis for: Nursing care processes such as assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation. Policies and procedures that guide nursing practice within an organization. Patient care management tools such as care maps, standard order sets, and critical paths care decisions regarding individual patient needs.
Reading Research for Evidence–Based Practice: Reading research requires the professional nurse to have a basic understanding of the research process and apply that knowledge to the critiquing of research studies. This is a systematic process of assessing the reliability, validity and trustworthiness of studies, which you will be exploring throughout this course.
Ethics in Research: Polit and Beck (2022) define ethics as “ a system of moral values that is concerned with the degree to which research procedures adhere to professional, legal, and social obligations to the study participants” (p. 383). Historically there has been a disregard for ethical conduct. Examples of this include the Nazi program of research, the Tuskegee Syphilis study and the Willowbrook institution where mentally retarded children were infected with hepatitis virus during the 1960s. Due to these incidences and others, various codes of ethics were developed such as the Nuremberg Code, the Declaration of Helsinski and within other disciplines such as medicine, psychology and nursing. In this module, you will learn about ethical principles, informed consent, and confidentiality
References
Polit, F. D., & Beck, T. C. (2022). Essentials of nursing research: Appraising evidence for nursing practice (10th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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