HLTH-6038-1/HLTH-8038E-1 Health Behavior Theory-Spring 2024

Module 6 Final Exam

Question 1

Religion plays a small and insignificant role in health behavior.

True

False

Question 2

Behavior change concentrating on factors within social systems is primarily rooted in intrapersonal level theory.

True

False

Question 3

Theories that explain behavior at the societal level would focus on factors such as:

Relationships and expectations

Behavioral expectations and cultural norms

Public policies and laws

Gender and beliefs

Question 4

Theories

come from a need to solve a problem.

are tested and become laws.

cannot be changed once developed.

determine cause and effect.

Question 5

Which of the following best summarizes a theory’s “concept?”

It is the way in which the theory is used

It is the foundation or idea underlying the theory

It is the outcome expected from using the theory

It is the operationalization of the constructs

Question 6

Learning a new behavior that is similar to one already known increases self-efficacy.

True

False

Question 7

The somatic and emotional state resulting from thinking about engaging in a behavior affects self-efficacy and the likelihood of engaging in the behavior.

True

False

Question 8

The most effective way to increase self-efficacy is through vicarious learning.

True

False

Question 9

Which construct of the Self-Efficacy Theory would you use to explain behavior based on observing the success or failure of others who are similar to us?

Verbal persuasion

Somatic and emotional states

Mastery experiences

Vicarious experiences

Question 10

According to the construct of mastery experiences in Self-Efficacy Theory, attempting new behavior is more likely if:

observational opportunities of the new behavior are available.

an expert on the behavior provides guidance.

the new behavior is similar to something already done well.

rewards are given.

Question 11

According to the Self Efficacy Theory construct of somatic and emotional states, attempting new behavior is more likely to occur if:

thinking about it is associated with a pleasurable experience.

the person is taught how to control stress beforehand.

depression and any other mood disorders are addressed in advance.

it requires very little physical exertion.

Question 12

According to the construct of volitional control, if engaging in a behavior is perceived as being easy, then the likelihood of engaging in the behavior is greater.

True

False

Question 13

Attitudes toward a behavior are formed by a series of beliefs which result in a value being placed on the outcome of the behavior.

True

False

Question 14

Which of the following theories would be consistent with addressing the issue of student alcohol use by forming a club for students who don’t drink so they can support each other’s decision not to drink.

Health Belief Model

Self- Efficacy

Theory of Reasoned Action

Diffusion of Innovation

Question 15

Volitional control refers to:

behavior we can engage in, at will

policies and regulations used to support behavior change.

the ability to maintain a behavior change

the external system needed to support behavior change.

Question 16

If you were using the Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior, to change behavior, which of the following would be your focus?

strengthening self-efficacy.

increasing awareness of health issue.

altering intention.

improving networks.

Question 17

An example of the stimulus control process of the Transtheoretical Model is for someone who wants to change her diet to vegetarian to ignore what others have to say about her decision to make this change.

True

False

Question 18

According to the Transtheoretical Model, when people are in the process of changing their behavior, one thing they do to move the change along is to see themselves engaging in the new behavior.

True

False

Question 19

According to the Transtheoretical Model, using the process of environmental reevaluation means that people look at their new behavior in light of how it will change the environment for the better.

True

False

Question 20

According to the Transtheoretical Model, which of the following wouldassist people in maintaining their new/changed behavior?

Participating in self-help groups.

Having information about their health problem.

Doing values clarification exercises.

Understanding the effect their behavior has on the environment.

Question 21

When a teenager shares he is uncomfortable joining a gym because people will watch him exercise and will laugh at his out of shape body, this is consistent with which of the following processes of change in the Transtheoretical Model?

Counter- conditioning

Dramatic relief

Environmental Reevaluation

Social liberation

Question 22

Which of the following is an example of the Transtheoretical Model process of counter –conditioning?

A smoker choosing a quit date

A runner walking part of the time.

An overeater using a smaller plate for meals.

A soda drinker switching to water.

Question 23

According to the coping appraisal construct of Protection Motivation Theory, before people will adopt a recommended behavior, they need proof that it works.

True

False

Question 24

The goal of Protection Motivation Theory is adoption of the adaptive response.

True

False

Question 25

Which of the following statements best reflects the concept underlying Protection Motivation Theory?

Fear motivates people to change their behavior.

Motivation is the basis for behavior change.

Protecting one’s self from harm is the impetus for change.

Behavior changes when people are threatened by external factors.

Question 26

If you are using Protection Motivation Theory to promote behavior change, why is self-efficacy expectancy important?

If people don’t expect the new behavior will work, they won’t try it.

If people don’t expect they will be able to do the new behavior, they won’t try it.

If people expect the change will make them healthier, they are more likely to try it.

If people expect the change to result in immediate self-improvement, they are more likely to try it.

Question 27

Coping response self-efficacy of Protection Motivation Theory is:

the belief in the effectiveness of the recommended behavior.

a determination of the difficulty of implementing a recommended behavior.

the extent of coping energy needed to adopt a recommended behavior.

contingent upon community level factors and cultural expectations.

Question 28

From a social ecological perspective, changing the norms of a neighborhood or school district changes behavior because social or environmental norms drive people’s behavior.

True

False

Question 29

In conducting a school based childhood obesity program using the social ecological approach, the community level of influence would be addressed by focusing on the relationships between family members.

True

False

Question 30

In conducting a school based anti-bullying program using the social ecological approach, the interpersonal level of influence would be addressed by targeting the relationships between family members.

True

False

Question 31

The underlying concept of the social ecological model is best reflected in which of the following:

The more people change, the better the environment.

The environment in which people live is the basis for behavior change.

The built environment changes personal factors resulting in observed behavior.

Behavior results from the interaction between personal and environmental influences.

Question 32

If you were designing an intervention using the social ecological model addressing institutional factors that was focused on increasing fruit consumption on your campus, which of the following would you do?

Ask students in health profession majors to volunteer to help freshman make healthier food choices.

Have a taste testing set up in the Student Center and give out free samples of different fruits.

Request that the number of nutrition courses offered each semester be increased.

Replace processed snack food in vending machines with fruit.

Question 33

In planning an intervention using the social ecological model, which level would you be addressing by focusing on attitudes, beliefs and knowledge?

Intrapersonal

interpersonal level

institutional level

community level

Question 34

According to Social Capital Theory, before behavior can change there has to be financial equality between people.

True

False

Question 35

In a corporate setting, the relationship between lower health insurance costs for the employer and expected employee behaviors is demonstrative of linking social capital.

True

False

Question 36

Bridging relationships, according to Social Capital Theory, are those that form when groups of people from diverse backgrounds come together for the same reason, to attain the same outcome.

True

False

Question 37

According to Social Capital Theory, which of the following is essential for behavior change?

Adequate financial resources.

Trust and reciprocity between people.

Agreed upon social norms.

Limited geographic area

Question 38

According to Social Capital Theory, linking relationships:

are those that bring people of different backgrounds, SES and cultures together to enable behavior change.

occur among people when there is a power gradient with one person having authority or power over the other.

provide support for people to gradually adopt a new behavior while still connected to the old. change

enable people to have access to others they normally would not have access to.

Question 39

If you were asked to work with the student health services on your campus to reduce the incidence of illegal drug use using Social Capital Theory focusing on bonding relationships, which of the following would be consistent with this approach?

Develop an alcohol contract for parents and students to sign that clearly delineates the consequences of infractions.

Have freshmen roommates sign a pledge that they will stop each other from using illegal substances.

Institute a reward system for student organizations to encourage confidential reporting of students engaged in or supporting illegal drug use.

Identify one resident hall floor where all students known to have had an addiction problem in the past are assigned.

Question 40

Intervention mapping is classified as a planning model.

True

False

Question 41

In step 4 of Intervention Mapping, the objectives for a program are developed.

True

False

Question 42

“The rewards received and the feedback the learner receives from others following the adaption of a behavior” are called

Predisposing factors

Reinforcing factors

Enabling factors

None of the above

Question 43

The step immediately following Phase 5 in Intervention Mapping is

Implementation phase

Planning phase

Program phase

Evaluation

Question 44

What is the first step in the Intervention Mapping (IM) intervention development process?

Identify theory- and evidence-based behavior change methods.

Establish a detailed understanding of the health problem, population at risk, and determinants.

Develop implementation strategies.

Plan both process and outcome evaluation.

Question 45

A community is only defined as a geographical location.

True

False

Question 46

The Health Belief Model is not a theory.

True

False

Question 47

Phase 4 of the Precede-Proceed Model contains predisposing reinforcing and enabling factors.

True

False

Question 48

Precede-Proceed currently includes a separate category of non-behavioral factors under the heading of,

Genetics

Environment

Addiction

Observational learning

Question 49

The original Precede Model included a separate category of non-behavioral factors such as,

Environmental history

Natural history of disease

Logic models for planning

Risk factors in disease

Question 50

Precede-Proceed is best described as a_____,and behavior change theories as specific ______.

quest… solutions

road map…directions

pen…ink

model…theories

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