What might be a work-related situation that reflects Milgram’s experiment?
An employee who follows an order from a superior to harm someone under their management, even though it’s against what their morality would allow them to do normally.
A boss ignoring gross misconduct from one of her employees.
Investors ignoring stock unpredictability on advice from their stock broker.
Tolerating verbal abuse from your own superior, even though it may seem unwarranted.
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Question 2
2 Points
What would be an example of an institution’s rules being morally right, while an individual’s conscience is bad?
Forcing a sexist worker not to make certain comments without penalties.
Ordering a worker to dumb industrial waste even though they don’t want to.
Saying that affirmative action policies need to be enforced even though a less qualified applicant will get the job.
A boss choosing to hide poor stock performance from employees so that they don’t start underperforming and leaving due to panic that the boss feels would be unwarranted and premature.
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Question 3
2 Points
Which statement explains, in concept, why Socrates distrusted democracy?
If we wanted to know if a certain food impacts out health, we would ask nutritionists instead of taking a vote.
People generally were unpredictable and silly.
Discrimination is too embedded into the system to have a neutral election.
We tend to be disappointed in votes of our neighbors that go against their own self-interests.
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Question 4
2 Points
What was Socrates’ argument of why he had to allow the state to execute him?
He accepted the general virtues of the state having laws, and leaving to avoid punishment is breaking a law, which invalidates the idea that citizens should uphold or work to change the laws.
He did not agree that fleeing would save him.
He was worried that his friends would be blamed and disgraced.
He didn’t want public opinion to consider him a coward.
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Question 5
2 Points
Which of the following sums up Thoreau’s idea about the value of government?
Government should mostly get out of the way to let people thrive.
Government is tasked with delivery of certain needs, like food and health care.
Government should generally demand the submission of its people in extreme times, such as war.
A government based on majority rule is generally the most just.
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Question 6
2 Points
What was the issue Thoreau had with the civil servants?
They were asked to follow the state with their heads in that they rarely make moral distinctions against the rules of the state.
They were asked to follow the state rules like a machine, without individual conscience.
They tended to become violent is challenged.
They were not smart enough to perform a moral task.
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Question 7
2 Points
Why did Thoreau believe in acting against the law if one saw an immorality, even if it was unlikely to persuade the majority and for the moment would make life more difficult?
It is not the protestor’s fault that the government made things worse in defending their current unjust practices.
It was deontological, like Kant. People could not be worries to think of consequences, but rather to follow the correct rules.
It was utilitarian. Someone had to start the revolution.
Prison wasn’t so bad, and that’s the worst that could happen, so no need to wait.
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Question 8
2 Points
What do fascists typically believe about the limits of individual liberty?
Liberty is limited by the government.
Liberty is limited by individual conscience.
Liberty is unlimited, except in extreme situations, such as war or martial law.
Liberty is functionally limitless, even if the state is out of control.
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Question 9
2 Points
On what basis did Fascists deny pacifism?
They believed it was cowardice in the face of sacrifice.
They did not believe that war was noble.
It went against the democratic processes that led to war.
Pacifism was overly materialistic.
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Question 10
2 Points
What did Mill believe was the only reason that government could rightfully exercise power over a member of the community and take away their liberty?
To safeguard others from harm.
When they proposed some dangerous idea.
When wealth was not equitably distributed.
If they refused the policies of the government.
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