types of qualitative research designs
topic : The three types of qualitative research designs are phenomenological, grounded theory, and ethnographic research. Compare the differences and similarities between two of the three types of qualitative studies and give an example of each.
American Association of Colleges of Nursing Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education
This assignment aligns to AACN Core Competency 4.1, 4.2
Example 1 (yevvone )
The naturalistic study of social meanings and processes through observation, interviews, and text and image analysis is known as qualitative research (Roberts, 2022). There are three types of qualitative research designs namely phenomenological, grounded theory and ethnographic research. A field of study called phenomenology aims to explain the nature of things by using people’s experiences with them. The literal translation is “study of phenomena.” Stated differently, the focus of this research is on understanding the significance that these objects or phenomena hold for the people you are researching (Good, 2023). Grounded theory is a methodology that aims to generate theory from systematic data collection and analysis through comparison analysis (Tie et al., 2019). A research method called ethnography entails a thorough and methodical examination of a specific group, culture, or society. Through close observation and involvement in a group’s everyday activities, ethnographic studies aim to comprehend the beliefs, values, behaviors, and social dynamics of that group (Hassan, 2023). Two research approaches that employ observation as a means of gathering data are grounded theory and ethnography ( Fathi Najafi et al., 2016). Ethnographic research has a more holistic approach compared to phenomenological and grounded theory. According to Al-Busaidi (2009), “Grounded theory approach is a commonly used qualitative method in the social sciences to inductively generate or discover a theory out of the data.9 Phenomenology and ethnography are more commonly used qualitative approaches in health care and will be highlighted below.”
References
Roberts, R. (2022, August 11). Guides: Qualitative research: Definition. Guides.library.stanford.edu. https://guides.library.stanford.edu/qualitative_re…
Good, H. (2023, February 7). What is Phenomenology in Qualitative Research? Dovetail.com. https://dovetail.com/research/phenomenology-qualitative-research/
Tie, Y. C., Birks, M., & Francis, K. (2019). Grounded Theory research: a Design Framework for Novice Researchers. SAGE Open Medicine, 7(1), 1–8. NCBI. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312118822927
Hassan, M. (2023, October 1). Ethnographic Research -Types, Methods and Guide. Research Method. https://researchmethod.net/ethnographic-research/#google_vignette
Fathi Najafi, T., Latifnejad Roudsari, R., Ebrahimipour, H., & Bahri, N. (2016). Observation in Grounded Theory and Ethnography: What are the Differences? Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 18(11). https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.40786
Al-Busaidi, Z. Q. (2008). Qualitative research and its uses in health care. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 8(1), 11–19. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC30877…
example 2 ( Robinson)
Assessment Description The three types of qualitative research designs
In nursing, qualitative research methods are instrumental in understanding the different aspects of patient experiences, healthcare practices, and the social contexts of health. This essay contrasts and compares phenomenological and grounded theory research designs in the nursing context, explains how they differ from each other and their similarities, and uses examples to explain their application.
Phenomenological research in nursing aims to analyze the subjective experiences of patients and staff(Urcia, 2021). For example, research might discuss the emotional reactions of cancer patients during chemotherapy, which involves a series of in-depth interviews. In contrast, grounded theory research concentrates on having theories based on data (Urcia, 2021). An example is research to investigate the experiences of caregivers who spend their time taking care of elderly parents with dementia. This task will need data from interviews and observations, which will then be used to build up a theory’s mold.
Both phenomenology and grounded theory designs help to understand nursing phenomena qualitatively, although they differ in coming up with theories and handling data (Burns et al., 2022). Both phenomenology and grounded theory have the same data-gathering process and deepening methodology, consisting of observations and interviews to explore academic research (Burns et al., 2022). Moreover, both methods insist on thorough analysis to arrive at correct decisions based on the information collected.
In conclusion, it is clear that phenomenological and grounded theory perspectives provide valuable frameworks for understanding and improving the nursing practice. While phenomenological research emphasizes the experiences of the patients and the caregivers, the grounded theory model generates theories grounded in empirical data. By mastering these skills, nurses can handle the workload of the healthcare system, improving patient care and better outcomes.
References
Burns, M., Bally, J., Burles, M., Holtslander, L., & Peacock, S. (2022). Constructivist Grounded Theory or Interpretive Phenomenology? Methodological Choices Within Specific Study Contexts. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 21(21), 160940692210777. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069221077758
Urcia, I. A. (2021). Comparisons of Adaptations in Grounded Theory and Phenomenology: Selecting the Specific Qualitative Research Methodology. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 20(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069211045474
Example 3 (Taylor)
There are many different types of qualitative research. The two that will be discussed in this post are phenomenological and ethnographic research.
Phenomenological research is when human experiences are examined through the descriptions provided by the people involved (Parse et al., n.d.). The goal of phenomenology is to describe the meaning of an experience by asking what was experienced and how was it experienced (Neubauer et al., 2019). In comparison, ethnographic research involves the collection and analysis of data about cultural groups (Parse et al., n.d.). The goal of ethnographic qualitative research is to explore questions relating to the understanding of a certain group’s beliefs, values, and practices and how they adapt to change (LibGuides: Qualitative Study Design: Ethnography, n.d.).
Both research methods allow medical learners to learn how to be an empathetic clinician and how to communicate clinical reasoning in professional practice (Neubauer et al., 2019). These research methods lead us to understand the human reaction to experiences and interventions. This enhances evidence-based guidelines in order to provide better more scientific based care to patients. The major differences between the two is that phenomenological research only focuses on the reaction to an experience without taking into consideration participants backgrounds while ethnographic research mainly focuses on backgrounds and understanding cultural groups in order to provide culturally competent care.
References:
Parse, R. R., RN, Coyne, I. M., Smith, M. T., Donalek, Mariano, C., Streubert, H. J., Carpenter, S., Daly, M., Agar, M., Cameron, M., & Leininger, M. (n.d.). Qualitative Research designs. In Nursing Research on the Web. https://yuli-elearning.com/pluginfile.php/4833/mod_resource/content/1/2.%20qualitative%20research%20design.pdf
Neubauer, B. E., Witkop, C. T., & Varpio, L. (2019). How phenomenology can help us learn from the experiences of others. Perspectives on Medical Education, 8(2), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40037-019-0509-2
LibGuides: Qualitative study design: Ethnography. (n.d.). https://deakin.libguides.com/qualitative-study-des…
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