Module 4: Physical, Cognitive and Psychosocial Changes in Infancy and Early Childhood
PSYC 283
Human development
Introduction
Infancy is the period that comprises birth at age three, while early
childhood begins at age three and ends at age six.
The genes that the infant inherits have a powerful influence on whether
he will be tall or short, thin or burly. This genetic influence interacts with
environmental influence, such as nutrition and living conditions, which
also affects overall health and well-being.
Objectives
Identify the main physical, cognitive and psychosocial changes in infancy and early childhood.
Differentiate between parenting styles.
Analyze the importance of attachment in human development.
Attachment
Attachment is an emotional bond between the infant and the caregiver, where both contribute to the quality of the relationship and make the bond reciprocal and lasting.
John Bowlby (1951), was a pioneer in research on the formation of affective bonds between animals. From his studies and observations of children with disorders, he became convinced of the importance of the bond between mother and baby and opposed separating them without good foster care.
Attachment
Larry Harlow studied Bowlby’s theory of
attachment and maternal deprivation. To do this,
he conducted an experiment with Rhesus
monkeys (which under current ethical standards
would be unfeasible because of the cruelty it
entailed).
Harlow separated some offspring from their
mothers and observed how their maternal
deprivation was expressed.
Attachment
Mary Ainsworth, created
the strange situation, a
laboratory technique that
is now classic, designed to
assess attachment
patterns between infant
and adult.
¡Congratulations you have completed the theoretical
summary of this week’s topic!
Actively participate in collaborative sessions.
Remember that to successfully build your learning it is important that:
Review as many times as you require the information contained in the modules folder
(includes this presentation).
Read the reference material to clarify doubts.
Develop all activities as stated in the instructions.
Submit assignments on the date indicated through the educational platform.
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