Intro to circuit Lab report
LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 11 SINUSOIDAL POWER – POWER FACTOR CORRECTION I. OBJECTIVES Some of the benefits of power factor correction will be explored. Experimental results will be compared to simulations using Multisim and to theory. II. INTRODUCTION When highly inductive circuit elements, such as electric motors, are driven by a sinusoidal source, the voltage and current waveforms are out of phase. This out of phase relationship can cause excessive amounts of current to flow resulting in significant power losses in the power transmission system. It is possible to reduce these losses through the use of a power factor correcting capacitor. The power factor of a sinusoidal load is defined as: pf = cos(qv – qi) This experiment attempts to verify these techniques with a simple example. III. PROCEDURE A. Using an LC meter determine the inductance of the given inductor. Connect the circuit shown in Figure 1. The series combination of the Rind = 82 W (or maybe less) resistor and the inductor model a highly-inductive device for the purposes of this experiment. The 1 kW resistor models the power transmission system. B. RTH Vgen B 82 W A 1 kW R 18mH Function Generator VTH 18mH 10 W C Figure 1 With the function generator set at 1 kHz, determine the following: Page 1 • • • • The phase difference between the voltage waveform at node B and current waveform (the current through the 10 W resistor). The power factor of the circuit of the load at node B. The magnitude of the voltage at node A in order to achieve a 2V magnitude voltage at node B. The average power dissipated in the 1 kW resistor (the transmission system). B. Using a decade capacitor, insert a capacitance across the load (between nodes B and C). Adjust the capacitance until the voltage at node B and the current are in phase (unity power factor). Determine: • The magnitude of the voltage at node A in order to achieve the same 2V magnitude voltage at node B as was found in part A. • The average power dissipated in the 1 kW resistor (the transmission system). • An accurate reading for the capacitor value. C. Compare the experimental results in parts B and C to theory and to Multisim simulations. Page 2 Lab 11: Sinusoidal power In this lab, a simple circuit was created using several resistors, an inductor, and an alternating current power source. The inductor is meant to simulate an electric motor or some source of load on the circuit. The frequency of the sine wave generated by the waveform generator was varied to see where resonance frequency would occur. Figure 1 Above are the sine wave illustrations of the voltage in the circuit, including the center line which is the phase angle. Channel 1 is in yellow, channel 2 is in green. Figure 3 The above figure from multisim shows the circuit layout for this experiment plus the graphs for both magnitude and phase. It is important to note that the simulation shows that the magnitude past 10K frequency slowly decreases, and the phase angle begins to switch around 250 hz, and ends around 500k hz. From a phase angle of 0 to -90
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