Using the source documents provided (A thru E), answer the following essential question provided below. Remember that your essay must:
Using the source documents provided (A thru E), answer the following essential question provided below. Remember that your essay must:
A. Have a Thesis, A Body to Support the Thesis, and a Conclusion.
B. You must use all documents provided. (A thru E)
C. Use Parenthetical Citation.
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: Was nonviolent protest a useful tool in the Civil Rights Movement?
Begin Essay Submission Below:
Document A
March on Washington: “I Have a Dream”
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny.
Source: March on Washington. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. August 28, 1963.
Document B
The Montgomery Bus Boycott
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Source: Montgomery Bus Boycott Leaflet passed out to people in Montgomery Alabama, December 5, 1955 following the arrest of Rosa Parks.
Document C
The Birmingham Children’s Crusade of 1963
On the first day of the protest, hundreds of children were arrested. By the second day, Commissioner of Public Safety Bull Connor ordered police to spray the children with powerful water hoses, hit them with batons and threaten them with police dogs.
Despite this harsh treatment, children continued to participate in the demonstrations over the next few days. Footage and photographs of the violent crackdown in Birmingham circulated throughout the nation and the world, causing an outcry. Businesses in downtown Birmingham were feeling the pressure. On May 5, protestors marched to the city jail where many of the young people were still being held. They sang protest songs and continued their tactics of non-violent demonstration. Finally, local officials agreed to meet with civil rights leaders and hash out a plan to end the protests. On May 10, an agreement had been reached. City leaders agreed to desegregate business and free all who had been jailed during the demonstrations.
Source: “The Birmingham Children’s Crusade of 1963. Civil Rights Activists, Kim Gilmore: January 2021
Document D
Woolworths Lunch Counter Sit In. Greensboro North Carolina
“We had played over in our minds possible scenarios, and to the best of our abilities we had determined how we were gonna conduct ourselves given those scenarios. But we did walk in that day — I guess it was about four-thirty — and we sat at a lunch counter where blacks never sat before. And people started to look at us. The help, many of whom were black, looked at us in disbelief too. They were concerned about our safety. We asked for service, and we were denied, and we expected to be denied. We asked why couldn’t we be served, and obviously we weren’t given a reasonable answer and it was our intent to sit there until they decided to serve us”. — Joseph McNeil.
[Source: Voices of Freedom: An Oral History of the Civil Rights Movement, by Hampton & Fayer] Sit In: February 1, 1960. Greensboro, North Carolina. Woolworths Lunch Counter.
Document E
Editorial cartoon: Martin Luther King Jr. on violence
Source “The Most Durable Power,” Excerpt from Sermon at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church on 6 November 1956, By Martin Luther King Jr.
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