MY TOPIC: Exploring the psychological factors of the reason why people get addicted to drugs and alcohol, and finding out the most effective way to help them stop using.
cMY TOPIC: Exploring the psychological factors of the reason why people get addicted to drugs and alcohol, and finding out the most effective way to help them stop using.
ALL SOURCES FROM GOOGLE SCHOLAR
ALL SOURCES FROM GOOGLE SCHOLAR
Final Paper
Introduction & Literature Review
Overview:
The purpose of the final paper is to write the beginning two sections of a mini research paper: the introduction and the literature review.
The Introduction is the first section of a psychology/social science research paper. This is your opportunity to introduce the topic, research question and hypothesis(es) to the reader. The Introduction should be about your topic generally and should include some statistical information to provide context to the reader. For example, if you are interested in identifying an intervention program to reduce obesity among school children, then in your introduction you should mention 1) the issue (childhood obesity), 2) the evidence (childhood obesity statistics), and 3) the dire consequences if this issue is not addressed (health issues, lack of focus in school, bullying, death). The Introduction also sets up the literature review for your reader (which is basically part 2 above – the evidence). Thus, it is important that you immediately engage the reader and get him/her interested in your topic and why it is important to study.
The purpose of a literature review is to set up the rationale for a research paper. Think of a literature review as the supporting evidence to back up your research question(s) and hypothes(is/es). The literature review provides background information on what has already been done with respect to your topic of interest, what the existing gaps in the literature for your research topic are (what is missing and what we still need to know) and the importance of your research topic (why do we need to know this information, why should we care)? After a critical synthesis of research studies relevant to your topic, you should have a nice segue into the purpose of your specific proposed research study/questions and hypothesis.
Instructions:
Your introduction should be a minimum of 3 paragraphs long (1 page, double-spaced). The first paragraph should introduce your topic (e.g., childhood obesity), maybe provide some definitions, if needed. The second paragraph should introduce some statistics about your topic (e.g., percentage of children who are obese in the United States, health issue rates). The third paragraph should be about the dire consequences of not studying your topic (e.g., what will happen to children if we let them become obese? They could experience bullying in school, have all kinds of health issues, probably die earlier than their non-obese peers). For more information about what to include in your Introduction, please refer to the Library Guides at the University of Southern California: https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/introduction.
Your literature review should include a synthesis of at least 7 empirical articles from peer-reviewed journals (could be the same articles from the annotated bibliography assignment) (must not be published earlier than 2010). The review should not be a list of article summaries, but instead should discuss the articles by common themes or variables (can be discussed in terms of similar findings, dissimilar findings, etc.).
You must use APA style and the paper should be 10-12 pages long, using 12-point Times New Roman Font, double spacing, and 1-inch margins all around.
Guidelines:
Review of Literature o Capture the Major Themes of the Literature Review
Be sure that you include all themes you uncover, all perspectives you uncover.
oFollow a Logical Flow
Is there organization with the literature review? The literature review should start talking generally about a particular topic, then flow appropriately to the next topic. Each topic should have some connection with the topic before and afterwards, so it’s not just a listing of research topics.
Appropriate transitions from one topic to the next. A transition sentence should connect the previous topic to the next, or some transition words should be used in between studies to connect one to the next
oHighlight the Most Important Studies
There should also be appropriate research on each of the sub-topics.
You will not have enough space to elaborate on every article related to your topic. Pick 5 to 7 of the most salient and important studies to include. and even if you do, this is probably does not tell the most meaningful story. You will want to elaborate where necessary.
o“Critical synthesis”
Your literature review will be a synthesis of information, you will need to talk about the articles in a way that connects them to each other, and connects them to your study… remember, this is not a summary, or report, but you are engaging in a dialogue. It should be interesting.
oDiscuss why further research is needed
Reintroduce the open question- why it has not been sufficiently addressed
Present specific research questions/ hypotheses
Submission Instructions:
Save the document with your LastName_FirstName. Submit on D2L via Dropbox by 11:59 pm CST on the due date.
Literature Review :
Literature Review Requirements and Recommendations
First, I would like to explain what a literature review is and is not. A literature review is NOT a summary of different research articles on a similar topic. It is NOT the same as an annotated bibliography. For a really great definition of what a literature review is, please visit this website: https://guides.library.bloomu.edu/litreview.
Remember, a literature review is like an argumentative paper, where you start off broadly and end up with a narrow/focused conclusion (typically the research question and/or hypothesis).
Second, in-text citations are essential. If you didn’t come up with the idea, didn’t come up with the definition, weren’t the researcher who collected the data, then you MUST cite the source, you must give credit to the author(s) who did. Failure to do so is considered plagiarism.
Please visit the following websites for more resources on how to write a literature review:
https://libraryguides.griffith.edu.au/systematic-literature-reviews-for-education/writingyour-systematic-review https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/literature-reviews/ http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/UWLitRev.pdf
https://depts.washington.edu/psych/files/writing_center/litrev.pdf
http://arts-sciences.und.edu/psychology/_files/docs/tips-apapaper-2011.pdf
If you still have questions about how to write a literature review, please email me, review the sample papers, visit Oakton’s Library and/or Learning Center.
Literature Review Reminders
1.In-text citations and references section using APA formatting
2.References section is called “References” not Works Cited
3.More formal writing/scientific – papers sound too conversational and editorial. Do not use “I” or “You” or contractions (e.g., don’t, can’t).
4.Seamless transitions from paragraph to paragraph, not just a list of articles, or a jump from one article summary to another. Make the CONNECTIONS between articles.
5.Need to introduce a source as: “In one study, researchers explored the relationship between x and y. They found that ABC” (Author’s Last Name & Author’s Last Name, Year).
6.Need more details/information about each study.
7.Five sources (at a minimum) must be from peer-reviewed journals NOT random websites or blogs or newspaper websites.
8.Avoid using filler words “like” “really” “actually”
9.Please save your documents as Word documents, not as PDFs. I cannot open these files and provide feedback embedded in the document.
10.Read your papers out loud to catch any grammar or syntax errors. I encourage you all to work with a writing tutor in the Learning Center to improve upon your writing skills.
Literature Review Example:
Literature Review
Examples of Good and Bad In-Text Citations
Source: Neuman, W. Lawrence. (2003). Social research methods: qualitative and quantitative approaches, 5th ed, Allyn and Bacon, Boston. http://www.rmit.edu.au/library/literaturereview#Exampleofagoodandbadreview
Bad Review
Sexual harassment has many consequences. Adams, Kottke, and Padgitt (1983) found that some women students said they avoided taking a class or working with certain professors because of the risk of harassment. They also found that men and women students reacted differently. Their research was a survey of 1,000 men and women graduate and undergraduate students. Benson and Thomson’s study in Social Problems (1982) lists many problems created by sexual harassment. In their excellent book, The Lecherous Professor, Dziech and Weiner (1990) give a long list of difficulties that victims have suffered.
Good Review
The victims of sexual harassment suffer a range of consequences, from lowered self-esteem and loss of self-confidence to withdrawal from social interaction, changed career goals, and depression (Adams, Kottke, and Padgitt, 1983; Benson and Thomson, 1982; Dziech and Weiner, 1990). For example, Adams, Kottke, and Padgitt (1983) noted that 13 percent of women students said they avoided taking a class or working with certain professors because of the risk of harassment.
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