May 23, 2024

Using the Orems self care theory Describe the theorist and principles of the theory. Compare and contrast your nursing practice to this theory. Does your practice align w

Applied Sciences

Using the Orems self care theory

Describe the theorist and principles of the theory.
Compare and contrast your nursing practice to this theory.
Does your practice align with the principles of this theory in any way, or at any time? Why or why not?

Must contain at least two citations with corresponding references no less than 2018

half of a page

Ch08-OremsSelfCareDeficitTheory.pptx

Chapter 8

Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory

Developed by S. Gordon and C. Kain (2010)

Updated by D. Gullett (2014; 2020)

On completion of this chapter, students will be able to:

Identify the four interrelated theories that comprise Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory.

Describe the abilities of humans to affect their health as identified by Orem.

Compare and contrast self-care agency and dependent-care agency.

On completion of this chapter, students will be able to: (continued)

Identify and describe the major concepts of the self-care deficit nursing theory and the four interrelated theories.

Differentiate the theoretical linkages between the theory of self-care, theory of dependent care, theory of self-care deficit, and theory of nursing systems.

Articulate Orem’s steps in the process of nursing.

Chapter Purpose

Discuss the integration of views of humankind within views of nursing.

Discuss the different individual and generally held nurse-specific views of human beings as part of developing viable nursing science.

Provide insight into model building and theory development using exemplars from the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory.

Nursing is Commonly Viewed as:

Human health service

Implies two categories of human beings:

Those who need nursing service

Those who produce nursing service

Nursing as a Human Health Service

Service implies nursing is a helpful activity.

Health indicates that the thrust of the service is the structural and functional integrity of persons served.

General Theories of Nursing

Gives names and roles to the two categories of human beings

Attributes distinct potential and actual human powers, properties and actions of each human

Identifies the interactions among the types of human beings and their powers, properties, and actions

Specifies the broad structural features of the processes that produce nursing

Integration of Views of Human Beings

General views

You can study and think about human beings and their situations without thinking about nursing.

Nurse-specific views

You cannot study and think about nursing without incorporating nursing-specific views of human beings.

Nursing Science

Knowing and seeking to extend and deepen knowing by:

Understanding both the structure of the processes of nursing

Understanding the internal structure, constitution, powers, properties, and nature of those who require nursing

Comprehensive General Nursing Theories

What nurses do

Why they do it

Who does what

How they do it

Valid General Nursing Theories

Set forth nursing’s professional-technical features specific to the production of nursing

Provides articulation with interpersonal features of nursing and sets standards for safe effective interpersonal systems

Point to the legitimacy of, or the need for change in, societal-contractual systems

Model Building and Theory Development

Nursing-specific views of human beings are necessary for understanding and identifying

(1) When and why individuals need and can be helped through nursing

(2) The structure of the processes through which the nursing help needed is determined and produced

Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (S C D N T)

Began with formulations about the reasons why individuals (the patient)

Need nursing and

Can be helped through nursing

Four Constituent Theories Within S C D T

Theory of self-care (T S C)

Theory of dependent care

Theory of self-care deficit

Theory of nursing systems

Central Idea

Mature human beings have learned and continue to learn to meet some or all components of their own T S C D’s and the T S C D’s of their dependents.

Self-care and dependent care (i.e., care delivered by someone other than the individual for the individual) are time-specific entities produced by individuals.

Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory

Human properties and powers:

Individuals have a continuing demand for self-care.

Therapeutic Self-Care Demand (T S C D)

Care for self that must be learned and deliberately performed

Theory of Self-Care

Individuals have the human power to develop and exercise capabilities to know and meet Therapeutic Self-Care Demands using

Self-Care Agency (S C A)

First, investigate or identify what can or should to be done.

Second, decide what can be done.

Third, produce the care.

Theory of Dependent Care

Assumptions relate to the nature of interpersonal action systems and social dependency.

Nursing Is Needed:

When Therapeutic Self-Care Demands exceed an individual’s Self-Care Agency because of health state or health-care–related conditions

Self-Care Deficit (S C D)

T S C D > S C A = S C D = Nursing Required

T S C D and S C A

Vary qualitatively and quantitatively over time

Identified as patient variables

Real or potential existence of a health-related care deficit relationship between care demand and the power of agency is the reason nursing is required.

Nurse Agency

Critical power operative in nursing

The power of nurses to think about, design, and produce nursing care for others

Investigation of Nurse Agency and the capabilities and conditions for its exercise are critical components of nursing science.

Nurses Must Have Knowledge and Skills

Investigating and calculating individual’s T S C D

Determining degrees and development of S C A

Estimating potential for regulation of the exercise or development of S C A

Identify, perform, and support an individual’s S C D when indicated

Nursing Triad of Interrelated Action Systems

Professional-Technical

Necessary for the production of nursing–dependent on the interpersonal system

Interpersonal

Interaction and communication necessary for design and production of nursing

Societal

Established by the specifying contracting parties and their legitimate relationships

Societal-contractual system

Broader Views of Human Beings

Nurse-specific views of human beings fit within broader views of human beings.

Orem identifies five broad views of human beings that support the development of the constructs of Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory.

Broader views come into play when nurses think about and produce nursing.

View of Person

Human beings are:

Embodied with inherent rights

At once a self and a person

Person-as-agent

Central to understanding and integrating the other views of human beings

Subsumes all other views

Essential to understanding nursing as a triad of systems

View of User of Symbols

Individual human beings are persons who use symbols to:

Stand for things

Attach meaning to them

Formulate and express ideas

Communicate ideas and information to others

Essential to understanding the nursing interpersonal system

Necessary for nurse-patient communication

View of Organism

Individuals viewed as unitary living beings who grow and develop biological characteristics of homo sapiens during known stages of the human life cycle.

Requires knowledge of biology, psychology, human physiology, environmental physiology, pathology, and other sciences.

View of Object

Human beings are viewed as having the status of object subject to physical forces whenever they act to protect themselves against such forces.

Requirement for protective nursing care.

Taken when nurses provide care for infants, young children, or adults unable to control their positions and movements in space and contend with environmental physical forces.

Conclusion

Nursing-specific views of human beings are differentiated from general views of human beings.

General views (human beings as energy fields, living health, or culture-oriented or as caring beings) are helpful in understanding humankind but do not and cannot support viable nursing science.

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