Argument Translations Argument Translations Criteria Ratings Pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeContent
Argument Translations
Argument Translations
Criteria Ratings Pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeContent
45 to >35.0 pts
Answers all of the required questions in the assignment. Main ideas are very clear. Content is all relevant to the material learned in the class/textbook. Content is correct and of high quality.
35 to >31.0 pts
Answers most of the required questions in the assignment. Main ideas are generally clear. Content is generally relevant to the material learned in the class/textbook. Content is generally correct and of high quality.
31 to >0 pts
Answers none or only some of the required questions in the assignment. Main ideas are confusing or somewhat confusing. Content is irrelevant or somewhat irrelevant to the material learned in the class/textbook. Content is incorrect or somewhat incorrect and of low quality.
45 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeAnalysis/Synthesis
45 to >35.0 pts
Provides abundant evidence of analysis; the information is understood and integrated well. Synthesis of information and materials provides abundant evidence of critical thought.
35 to >31.0 pts
Provides evidence of analysis; the information is understood and integrated overall. Synthesis of information and materials provides evidence of critical thought.
31 to >0 pts
Provides no or only some evidence of analysis; the information is not understood and integrated well. Synthesis of information and materials provides no or only some evidence of critical thought.
45 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeAPA, Grammar, and Mechanics
10 to >7.0 pts
Consistently follows APA guidelines for writing skills, formatting, citing, and referencing sources. The assignment contains no notable spelling, grammatical, and/or other errors.
7 to >6.0 pts
Consistently follows APA guidelines for writing skills, formatting, citing, and referencing sources. The assignment has few spelling, grammatical, and/or other errors.
6 to >0 pts
Does not consistently follow APA guidelines for writing skills, formatting, citing, and referencing sources. The assignment has many spelling, grammatical, and/or other errors.
10 pts
Total Points: 100
HUMN210/ MODULE #3
Translate Arguments Worksheet
REMEMBER:
If P, then Q is called a conditional statement. So, a conditional statement is an If-then claim.
If P, then Q is symbolized as P → Q.
The P part is called the antecedent of the conditional (It is the if-part or the sufficient condition); the Q part is called the consequent of the conditional (It is the then-part or the necessary condition).
PART 1: For example, translate the following statement to its corresponding SYMBOLIC expression.
If I take the test, then I score high.
Let P = I take the test; Q = I score high. [A TRANSLATION KEY LIKE THIS MUST BE PROVIDED WHEN WORKING WITH THIS TYPE OF EXERCISE.]
So, If P, then Q.
Answer (What is the SYMBOLIC expression?):
P → Q
PART 2: For example, identify the antecedent and the consequent for this conditional.
Answer:
Antecedent = I take the test
Consequent = I score high
============================================================================
Translation Tips:
Tip #1: Put the IF-PART first and the THEN-PART second.
So, (Q, if P) = (If P, then Q)
For example, (I sleep, if I’m tired) = (If I’m tired, then I sleep)
Tip #2: only if = then
So, (P only if Q) = (If P, then Q)
For example, Mary drinks cola only if it is Pepsi = If Mary drinks cola, then it is Pepsi.
Tip #3: unless = if-not
So, (P unless Q) = (P, if-not Q) = (if-not Q, then P)
For example, Mary drinks cola unless it is Coke = If it is not Coke, then Mary drinks cola.
Action Item 1:
a. Carefully read KEY POINTS section: The Translation of Arguments.
b. View Introduction to Translation.
c. View only the first 13.36 minutes of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kUXq19JVZSs.
d. View only the first 2 minutes of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghkaxFk-V4o.
[NOTE HERE THAT THE ANTECEDENT IS CALLED THE HYPOTHESIS AND THE CONSEQUENT IS CALLED THE CONCLUSION. WE WILL USE ONLY THE TERMS ANTECEDENT AND CONSEQUENT IN THIS COURSE.]
Action Item 2:
a. Translate the following statements to their corresponding SYMBOLIC expressions. Be sure to use statement indicators and connective indicators in your translation to produce conditional statements. A TRANSLATION KEY MUST BE PROVIDED FOR EACH EXERCISE (see above for an example).
1) If it is raining, then Jack will not go to the baseball game.
2) I eat, if I’m hungry.
3) Jack watches football on T.V. only if the Ohio State team is playing.
4) Janet plays with weird pets unless it is a tarantula.
5) When I watch a baseball game, I eat several hot dogs.
b. For these five statements above, identify the antecedent and the consequent for each conditional.
Action Item 3:
Construct your own valid DEDUCTIVE arguments by applying the FIVE argument forms (rules) on the worksheet below. You will need to insert your own example for each rule, following the form of the argument. A TRANSLATION KEY MUST BE PROVIDED FOR EACH EXERCISE (see above for an example).
FORMS/RULES:
Modus Ponens
1) If p, then q.
2) p.
——————-
3) Thus, q.
Modus Tollens
1) If p, then q.
2) Not q.
——————-
3) Thus, not p.
Hypothetical Syllogism
1) If p, then q.
2) If q, then r.
—————————
3) Thus, if p, then r.
Disjunctive Syllogism
1) p or q.
2) Not p.
—————
3) Thus, q.
Dilemma
1) p or q.
2) If p, then r.
3) If q, then s.
——————-
4) Thus, r or s.
YOUR EXAMPLES FOR EACH FORM/RULE ABOVE:
Action Item 4:
1. Answer the question: What is the advantage of translating verbal arguments to symbolic argument forms?
Remember to complete Action Item 5.
1. Go to the class Discuss tool, and participate in the discussion. Share your pains, joy, and tips while you translate statements and arguments.
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