Conclusion.

Work on Editing.

Follow the instructions.Manage

I. Title.

II. Abstract (100-120 words -3-4 sentences.)

Abstract includes:

A. Explanation of the problem you are trying to solve in your essay (one sentence). Borrow this sentence from your Introduction.

B. The thesis statement/claim (your position/solution – one sentence). Borrow your thesis statement from your Introduction.

C. Conclusion (a recommendation/implication – one or two sentences). Borrow one/two sentences from your conclusion.

Abstract should be coherent and readable. Use transitions. Use an active and vigorous syntax.

III. Introduction (150-180 words, 7 sentences)

1. write a hook 5.1 1 How to Write a Hook in Introduction. Read

2. establish and explain the problem you are trying to solve in your project – one sentence

3. discuss the significance; how significant your topic for the targeted audience is – one sentence

4. identify the purpose (are you trying to inform your audience or to convince, or to argue?) – one sentence

5. recognize the audience – (who is interested in learning about this topic?) – one sentence.

6. appeals to Needs and Values of your audience

7. frame the thesis statement/claim (choose a claim of value, a claim of fact, a claim of definition, or a claim of policy). 5.1.2 Claims of Fact, of Value, of Policy. Read.

To construct the sentences, include the following words: problem, significance, purpose, audience, needs, value.

Use transitions to make your introduction readable. TRANSITIONS. Updated..pdf

IV. Conclusion. Use the following page to write an effective conclusion. 100 words

In your conclusion, briefly summarize your position (pharaprase your thesis statement). One sentence. Use a transition such as therefore (so, thus, as a result, consequently, hence).

While searching for an exit with proper emphasis and grace, here some suggestions that might spark some good ideas for your conclusion. Write 5-6 sentences (it is mandatory to use 1,3,4, and 8). You can add more sentences, using other ideas from the list below:

1. An evaluation of the importance of the essay’s subject
2. A statement of the essay’s broader implications
3. A recommendation or call to action
4. A warning based on the essay’s thesis
5. A quotation from an authority or someone whose insight emphasizes the main point
6. An anecdote or brief example that emphasizes or sum up the point of the essay
7. A rhetorical question that makes the reader think about the essay’s main point
8. A forecast based on the essay’s thesis
9. An ironic twist, witticism, pun, or playful use of words
10. A proverb, maxim, or motto.

EDITING:

Be specific; use the proper nouns for people and location; use concrete details.

Use compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences.

Use transitions.

Avoid using “You”, “We”.

Avoid using “there is/are, there was/were.”

Avoid using the verb “to be” = am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been (and other linking verbs). Use the action verbs.
Avoid using the Indefinite pronouns: everyone, everybody, nobody, anyone, one, somebody

Avoid using contractions such as don’t, didn’t, isn’t, won’t, let’s, there’s, can’t…..

Avoid repetition!

 

 

Appeals to Needs and Values. Read.

An appeal to the needs and values of your audience is absolutely essential to the success of your argument. If you want to persuade the audience to change their minds or adopt a course of action, you will have to show that assent to your claim will bring about what they want and care deeply about. If the audience cannot identify with your goals and principles , they may treat your argument with indifference, even hostility, and finally reject it. The appeal to these needs and values was what Aristotle called pathos.

The most familiar classification of need was developed by Abraham Maslow in 1954. He arranged them in a hierarchical order:

Self-Actualization Needs

Esteem Needs

Social Needs

Safety Needs

Psychological Needs

Maslow’s hierarchy model helps narrow down what your audience wants when you write your essay. It means Maslow fulfilled with five needs help to focus on people needs when providing persuasive claim.. It will meet their physiological needs of safety, social needs, psychological needs, self- actualization, trust worthiness, competencies, self- esteem etc..

This tutorial can help you understand more about Maslow’s appeals to needs and values:

LinkLinks to an external site.

How to write an Abstract.

TITLE

Connect your title with a hook (in your introduction) and your conclusion.

ABSTRACT

Include an Abstract for a paper in MLA style. An Abstract provides a brief digest of the paper’s essential ideas in about 100 words (3-4 sentences).

To that end, borrow from your Introduction:

A. a sentence about the problem you are trying to solve in your project,

B. a thesis statement/claim as a solution to this problem, and

C. borrow one or two significant sentences from your conclusion.

In MLA style, place the abstract on the first page of your essay one double-space below the title and before the first lines of Introduction. Indent the abstract five spaces as a block, and indent the first line an additional five spaces. Use quadruple spacing at the end of the abstract to set it off from the text, which follows immediately after. You may also place the abstract on a separate page between the title and the first page of the text.

Remember that the abstract is usually read first and may be the only part read; therefore, make it accurate, specific, and self-contained (i.e., it makes sense alone without references to the main text). Note this example:

Child Abuse: A view of the Victim

ABSTRACT

This project examines the problem of child abuse,

especially the fact that families receive attention after

abuse occurs, not before. With abuse statistics on the

rise, efforts devoted to prevention rather than coping

should focus on parents in order to discover those

adults because of heredity, their own childhood, the

economy, and other cause of depression. Viewing

the parent as a victim, not just a criminal, will enable

social agencies to institute preventive programs that

may control abuse and hold together family units.

 

ABSTRACT

This project examines the problem of child abuse,

especially the fact that families receive attention after

abuse occurs, not before.

SOLUTION (THESIS STATEMENT/Claim of Policy):

With abuse statistics on the

rise, efforts devoted to prevention rather than coping

should focus on parents in order to discover those

adults because of heredity, their own childhood, the

economy, and other cause of depression. RECOMMENDATION

(borrowing from Conclusion):

Viewing

the parent as a victim, not just a criminal, will enable

social agencies to institute preventive programs that

may control abuse and hold together family units.

How to write an effective hook. Read.

Here are several strategies you can use to create an effective hook:

1. You can begin with background information if you are not required to write a page or two after introduction. Do not use this strategy in this introduction.

2. You can introduce an essay with your own original definition of a relevant term or concept. This technique is especially useful for research paper, when the meaning of a specific term is crucial.

For example: Democracy is a form of government in which people chose leaders by voting.

3. You can begin your essay with an anecdote or story that leads readers to your thesis.

4. You can begin with a question

For example: What was a like to live through the Holocaust?

5. You can begin with a quotation. If it arouses interest, it can encourage your audience to read further.

Foe example: “The rich are different.” F Scott Fitzgerald wrote more than ninety years ago. ” Apparently, they still are”.

6. You can begin with a surprising statement. An unexpected statement catches readers’ attention and makes them want to read more.

For example: Believe it or not, many people who live in suburbs are not white and rich.

7. You can begin with a contradiction. You can open your essay with an idea that most people believe is true

and then get readers’ attention by showing that is inaccurate or ill-advised.

For example: Many people think that after the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1779, the colonists defeated the British army in battle after battle. This commonly held believe is incorrect. The truth is that the colonial army lost most of its battles. The British were defeated not because the colonial army was stronger, but because the British government lost interest in pursuing an expensive war three thousand miles from home.

8. You can begin with a fact or statistics.

For example: Recently, the National Council on Teacher Quality released a report that said that of the 1, 400 teacher-preparation programs in the United States, 1,100 are inadequate.

Claims of Fact, of Value, of Policy. Read

What are you trying to prove? Your claim, or proposition, represents your answer to that question.

A claim is the statement that a writer makes about a subject and thus is mostly aligned with the writer -subject leg of the communication triangle: SUBJECT – WRITER-AUDIENCE.

Your claim is a conclusion you reach when you are trying to decide what to say about a subject; it becomes your thesis when you write about that subject. Claims can be classified as claims of fact, claims of value, and claims of policy.

Claims of fact state that a condition exists, has existed, will exist, based on factual evidence. For example: Excess sun exposure causes skin cancer.

Claims of value: desirable or undesirable based on moral or aesthetic principles. For example: The most relaxing vacations are spent on the beach.

Claims of policy state that a specific course of action should be implemented. For example: Schools should only serve healthy food in the cafeteria.

The following tutorials will help you understand more about claims:

LinkLinks to an external site.

The second tutorial:

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cw8-2sOK7PYLinks to an external site.

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