In this assignment, you will be demonstrating your understanding of the eight-step ethical decision-making process, the ten Universal Values in Ethical Decision-Making,

In this assignment, you will be demonstrating your understanding of the eight-step ethical decision-making process, the ten Universal Values in Ethical Decision-Making, and the eight ethical decision-making models that will structure your critical thinking analyses when applied to the facts of a given scenario.

Thoroughly answer each question, including all subparts, be concise, accurate, and specific, properly cite your source(s) (e.g., “Text, p. X”), and provide responsive and relevant examples when required.

Assignment

1. List fully the 8-step process the text provides for ethical decision-making.

2. List and briefly describe the 10 Universal Values in Ethical Decision-Making used to govern and guide decisions when ethical dilemmas are reviewed to help health care providers apply ethical principles to their actions. Provide a health care example for each.

3. Provide a concise, complete, and accurate description of the Rights Model of ethical decision-making (“The Rights Model is an ethical decision-making model that asserts a decision or action is ethical if . . .”). What are moral rights? What are Legal rights? What is its 5-step framework? Why is this model a valid way to decide whether an action or situation is ethical or unethical?

4. What is the philosophy of utilitarianism? Provide a concise, complete, and accurate description of the Utility Model of ethical decision-making (“The Utility Model is an ethical decision-making model that asserts a decision or action is ethical if . . .” ). In other words, under this decision-making model what determines whether an action or proposed action or consequence is ethical or unethical? What is its 6-step process/framework? Why is this model a valid way to decide whether an action or situation is ethical or unethical?

5. Provide a concise, complete, and accurate description of the Exceptions Model of ethical decision-making (“The Exceptions Model is an ethical decision-making model that asserts a decision or action may be ethical if . . .”). What model is often used before this model and why? What important question does it ask? What is its 5-step process/framework? What are some of its strengths and limitations? Why is this model a valid way to decide whether an action or situation is ethical or unethical?

6. Provide a concise, complete, and accurate description of the Choices Model of ethical decision-making (“The Choices Model is an ethical decision-making model that asserts a decision or action is ethical if . . .”). What does it focus on (what is expected)? What are “negative moral rights”? Provide a health care example. What are “positive moral rights”? Provide a health care example. Under this model, how should conflicts between moral and legal rights be resolved? What is its 4-step process/framework? Why is this model a valid way to decide whether an action or situation is ethical or unethical?

7. Provide a concise, complete, and accurate description of the Common Good Model of ethical decision-making (“The Common Good Model is an ethical decision-making model that asserts a decision or action is ethical if . . .”). What does it focus on (what is expected)? How does it differ from the Utility Model? Provide a health care example that illustrates this difference. What is its 6-step process/framework? Why is this model a valid way to decide whether an action or situation is ethical or unethical?

8. Provide a concise, complete, and accurate description of the Social Media Model of ethical decision-making (“The Social Media Model is an ethical decision-making model that asserts a decision or action is ethical if . . .”). What is it also known as? What main question does it ask? What is its 3-step process/framework? Why is this model a valid way to decide whether an action or situation is ethical or unethical?

9. Provide a concise, complete, and accurate description of the Virtue Model of ethical decision-making (“The Virtue Model is an ethical decision-making model that asserts a decision or action is ethical if . . .”). What are the 10 virtues of health care professionals? How does it differ from the other ethical-decision-making models addressed in this course? Provide a health care example that illustrates this difference. What is its 5-step process/framework? Why is this model a valuable way to decide whether an action or situation is ethical or unethical?

10. Provide a concise, complete, and accurate description of the Justice Model of ethical decision-making (“The Justice Model is an ethical decision-making model that asserts a decision or action is ethical if . . .”). What is the difference between “justice” and “fairness”? What is the focus of this model (what is expected)? What are some of its strengths and limitations? What is its 5-step process/framework? Why is this model a valid way to decide whether an action or situation is ethical or unethical?