Reflection?Electronic Engineering Technologies Start with a general sentence or two acknowledging the importance of skills (writing; research; source documentation; public speak
Reflection Electronic Engineering Technologies
Start with a general sentence or two acknowledging the importance of skills (writing; research; source documentation; public speaking; interpreting, analyzing, and evaluating information; solving problems; making decisions; presenting data and information in creative ways that appeal to an audience; etc.) developed through Arts and Sciences classes. Add a sentence or two about your own field and the role these skills play. End your introduction with a thesis statement that lets your audience know which assignments you have chosen for your E-portfolio and what those assignments show about you.
Write one body paragraph for each of your three assignments. In each paragraph, specify when you created the assignment, explain which class required it, and identify the Arts and Sciences skills you drew upon to complete the assignment. Then discuss how those skills apply to your professional and personal life. (Your goal is at least 8-10 sentences per paragraph.)
Questions worth considering: Make things up!!!!
- How has the knowledge you gained served as a foundation upon which to build future skills?
- How did each of your assignments prepare you for other assignments you needed to complete later in your program?
- What challenges did you face as you worked on each of your assignments and how did you overcome the challenges?
- What did you learn about yourself by completing each of your assignments?
- What you are most proud of in each of your assignments?
Reiterate the importance of skills developed through Arts and Sciences classes. Summarize what was most important about each of the three assignments you discuss in your body paragraphs. End your conclusion with a sentence or two analyzing how you have changed and grown as a result of completing these assignments.
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Use of Metrication System in the US
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ECPI University
ENG120 Advanced Composition
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Use of Metrication System in the Us
Intuitive and quick math is how man came up with the metric system. Even though the metric system is more convenient for international travel, it has a significant problem when dealing with fractional measurements. American opposition to the metric system stems solely from the fact that fractions cannot be measured. Surprisingly, it aids in obtaining precise numbers by minimizing the room for error. The International System of Units (SI) is a component of most modern metric systems since it allows for a more straightforward measurement of quantities. To maintain sustainability, the United States should work toward adopting the existing metric system. Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, when modern machinery was first developed, the United States has used the SI. Despite this, research indicates that because of widespread acceptance, superiority, and precise solutions, the United States should switch to the metric system.
Arguments for the metric system
Research has shown that the metric system has gained widespread acceptance worldwide. Research using the metric learning technique has determined a highly successful method of learning that bridges the gap between Euclidean and hyperbolic geometry (Vinh Tran et al., 2019). The metric system is a universally adopted method of measurement for weights and measures that allows for precise calculations by anybody, anywhere. Each metric unit indicates its value and fits in with all the others.
The United States is making strides toward metrication based on its superiority because it will improve its industrial and commercial output, math and science education quality, and the ability to compete successfully in global markets. Because international trade is essential to the United States economy, the country's manufacturing sector must embrace the international standard for measurement (Hughes & Oberdorff, 2020). Back-of-the-envelope computations are greatly simplified by using the metric system. Whether working with a lab apparatus to create a solution, figuring out the square footage of a parking lot, or determining the correct dosage for a patient of a specific weight, calculations are required. Also, it shortens the time it takes to verify a computation that a computer has just vomited out. Because of these advantages, numerous sectors in the United States have chosen to adopt the metric system independently, including the scientific community, the medical community, the energy sector, and the automobile industry.
A good example is Ford Motor Company, which produced the first US-made production engine to fully employ metric technical standards and achieve interoperability with other parts. Because of this, the metric system was implemented to standardize and reduce the complexity of product requirements. In addition, line workers with intermediate skills only need the training to transition to metric working.
As a result, the metric system facilitates uniformity in communication as a precise solution between students and teachers across countries. Any materials used to create textbooks can be created using the metric system. Students in fields of study such as engineering, chemistry, medicine, and computer science can all benefit from a unified measurement system. Drive capacities, memory sizes, and processing speeds in computers are all specified in SI units. Students from the United States studying in countries that use the metric system will be exemplary with grocery shopping, estimating garment sizes, or navigating public transportation (Carvalho et al., 2019). The Celsius temperature measurement system has a more straightforward 0 to 100 scale than the Fahrenheit system used in the United States. Contrarily, the metric system was developed with the goals of simplicity and ease of use from the start. Calculations in the metric system are more superficial and quicker than those in the alternative system because of the decimal character of the metric system. Converting between different weights and measurements is simple. Because fractional notation is not used, mental computation is relatively straightforward. It has also made it easier to be precise, so it is effective now. It is as simple as multiplying or dividing by ten.
Metric also encompasses precise solutions because it makes converting between different unit systems easier. On the other hand, customers stand to gain from the changes. This is because widespread use of the metric system in business should lead to more straightforward and uniform product packaging. It is more convenient to compare prices and save money on packaging and shipping if there is a smaller range of package sizes. They are ultimately benefiting consumers with cost savings. Metric measurements simplify calculations and make it simpler to make price and weight comparisons. Adopting the metric system has improved productivity in business and industry and simplified the teaching and learning measurement process. The same is true of American exports: they do very well in other countries (Brown, 2020). So, the economy and the people of the United States stand to benefit from the metric conversion.
To facilitate communication and cooperation with its allies, the United States military relies heavily on the precise solutions of metric units of measurement, especially those outlined in NATO Standardization Agreements (STANAG). Klicks, a slang term for kilometers, have been used by ground armies to measure distances. Standardizes the essential characteristics of various small and medium caliber ammunition to ensure interchangeability on the battlefield (Pellegrino & Kirkman, 2011). Vehicles used by the military are often constructed using the metric system. Coverage of major athletic events, such as the Olympic Games and the FIFA World Cup, provides a frequent opportunity for American sports fans to be exposed to metric units. As a preparation for the Olympic Games, the track and field Olympic Trials have always been run in metric distances; the National Championships followed suit in 1974.
Those who refuse to adopt the metric system or use non-metric units are at a competitive disadvantage in the international marketplace. Compared to other measurement systems, the metric system is the most straightforward. The metric system's clarity prevents misunderstandings due to its inherent simplicity. Since it is the standard system used worldwide, there is no debate about it or its interpretation. There is a general feeling of likeness and consistency. It seeks to identify standards or opportunities for cooperation in the areas such as protection from kinetic rounds, indirect fire, and landmines; armored transport vehicles, Defensive Aide Suites, Vehicle Electronics, ammunition interchangeability, and vehicle testing procedures(Froh,2002).
Counter Arguments and Rebuttals
One common argument against the metric system is that the traditional systems were created organically for actual use (Alberdi et al., 2021). According to the opponents, early measures were intuitive and human in scale. According to them, the development of these measures before contemporary science prioritized ease of use and learning, and the variation allowed within these measurements enabled them to be relational. Usually, standard units are also subject to contextual variations. However, the view that the modern metric scale does not enhance relational use and ease of learning has been refuted by the fact that today, non-metric units are usually standardized to fixed values., eliminating the Imprecision while relating the human value scale.
Another opposition regards divisibility. According to metric opposers, the division of customary units is among the reasons for not adopting a decimated system (Hanley, 2022). For example, those customary ratios of 12 and 16 have more proper factors compared to the metric 10. Additionally, individuals have pointed out the number of times it comes up. In engineering, for example, measurements would only be expected to be integers to start off but would hardly be needed to be converted to another unit. The main disadvantage pointed out by these critics is the unit proliferation and the challenge of remembering ratios. However, this perspective has often been refuted because the metric system is mainly based on the power of 10. Thus individuals multiply or divide numbers by 10 to convert from one unit to another. Therefore, it cannot be challenging to remember the ratio as commonly stated by the opponents.
The metric system is frequently defended because it prevents naming overlap and misunderstanding. The most frequently used illustration is the difference between pounds (force) and pounds (mass), which share the same symbol and are frequently written as pounds, which can result in expensive and hazardous shipping and engineering mistakes. Additionally, it is asserted that there are too many identical units in conventional units. The most frequently used comparisons involve liquid volume, where metric uses the unit liter while customary use gallons, pints, quarts, fluid ounces, and the infrequently used gill and minim. These units all encompass liquid volume ranges that are comparable. Opponents of metrication point out that this prevents the excessive use of decimals and fractions while allowing for the simple listing of quantities that are awkward in metric but are frequently used (Webster & Scales, 2022). However, if metrication persists and they stop being as prevalent, they will be replaced with a metric equivalent and no longer exist.
Conclusion
Regardless of the pervasive fear connected with the concept of change, changing American culture will not always have negative implications. The metric system has been able to gain widespread acceptance across the world. The research that used the metric learning technique can help determine a highly successful learning method for bridging the gap between hyperbolic and Euclidean geometry. The United States has made good strides towards metrication as it can effectively improve industrial and commercial output. Global trade is crucial for the United States economy, and the country's manufacturing sector must use global standards for the measurement. I contend that the International System of Units (SI) is more user-friendly than the American Standard measuring system and that the United States would benefit from adopting SI. The metric system has been implemented for standardizing and reducing the complexity of product requirements. The metric system can help to propose a single measurement system that can help to facilitate local flexibility. The pro-metric rebuttal can help to define the fact that the metric system has not been able to create across the world. The metric system can help facilitate the communication needs that can help make it more specific. The metric system can be related to confusion as it can be of great use to avoid duplication. Measurements are expected to be integers, which must be converted into various other units.
References
Alberdi, A., Alef, W., Algaba, J. C., Anantua, R., Asada, K., Azulay, R., … & Matthews, L. D. (2022). First Sagittarius A* event horizon telescope results. VI. Testing the black hole metric. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 930(2).
Brown, R. J. (2022). The unusual status of the hectare in the SI. Metrologia, 59(6), 062101.
Carvalho, D. V., Pereira, E. M., & Cardoso, J. S. (2019). Machine learning Interpretability: A survey on methods and metrics. Electronics, 8(8), 832. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8080832
Froh, R. (2002). To meet the challenges. NATO's Nations and Partners for Peace, (2), 182–183.
Hanley, A. G. (2022). Men of Science and Standards: Introducing the Metric System in Nineteenth-Century Brazil. Business History Review, 96(1), 17-45.
Hicks, M. B., Farrell, W., Aurigemma, C., Lehmann, L., Weisel, L., Nadeau, K., & Ferguson, P.(2019).Making a move towards modernized greener separations: introducing the analytical method greenness score (AMGS) calculator. Green chemistry, 21(7), 1816-1826. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8GC03875A
Hughes, R. M., & Oberdorff, T. (2020). Applications of IBI concepts and metrics to waters outside the United States and Canada., 79-93. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003068013-6
Pellegrino, D., Kirkman, C. (2011). NATO Small Arms Ammunition Interchangeability via Direct Evidence Testing. http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2011smallarms/WednesdayInter12315Pellegrino.pdf.
Vinh Tran, L., Tay, Y., Zhang, S., Cong, G., & Li, X. (2020, January). Hyperml : A boosting metric learning approach in hyperbolic space for recommender systems. In Proceedings of the 13th international conference on web search and data mining (p p. 609–617). https://doi.org/10.1145/3336191.3371850
Webster, B., & Scales, B. (2022). Economic Innovations: Creating New Instruments to Improve Economic Life. Taylor & Francis.
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5
Financial Analysis Polaris Inc.
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BUS 121: Introduction to Business
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Polaris Inc.
Polaris Inc. is an automotive manufacturer headquartered in Minnesota, United States. The company designs and manufactures power sports vehicles. These include snowmobiles, boats, quadricycles, moto-roadsters, motorcycles, all-terrain, and off-road vehicles. Polaris Inc.’s products are available in more than 100 countries (Polaris Inc., 2024). The company sells its products to international distributors and dealers. This paper analyzes Polaris Inc.’s financial information.
Financial Background
Polaris Inc. was founded in 1954 after the invention of the snowmobile. The company was founded by Allan Hetteen, David Johnson, and Edgar Hetteen. Polaris Inc. started selling snowmobile models in 1956 when mass production was approved. The company continued developing snowmobiles after making high sales. It started developing motorcycle and watercraft models. Polaris Inc. released the first motorcycle when it hit $1 billion in sales in 1995 (Chopra et al., 2019). The company’s market share increased significantly due to innovation and product diversification. Polaris Inc. held the number two market share in the industry as of 2022.
Financial Information
Stock Exchange where traded
New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)
Stock Symbol
PII
Stock Price 1 year ago
$95.86
Stock Price Today
$92.91
Independent auditors
The auditors of Polaris Inc. have been Ernst & Young LLP
Auditor reservations/exceptions
Internal control weaknesses, material misstatements, and product liability should be flagged with “except” or “auditor reservations.” A company's internal control over financial reporting includes ensuring that transactions are recorded as necessary and the policies about maintaining records. An auditor should vigorously test the internal controls to detect deficiencies or weaknesses (Karadjova et al., 2020). Polaris Inc.’s annual report explains that internal controls might not detect misstatements. Therefore, an auditor needs to test them vigorously. The financial statement disclosures should be scrutinized. One should check whether there are omissions or mistakes. Scrutinizing financial statement disclosures is essential since the management is responsible for maintaining internal controls. The methodologies used by the management to estimate product liability claims have to be scrutinized.
Management report
Polaris. Inc’s management report was signed by Michael T. Speetzen, the Chief Executive Officer, Robert P. Mack, the Chief Financial Officer; George W. Bilicic, Kevin M. Farr, Gary E. Hendrickson, Gwenne A. Henricks, Daryll R. Jackson, Bernd F. Kessler, Lawrence D. Kingsley, Gwynne E. Shotwell, and John P. Wiehoff (Polaris Inc., 2024). Those who signed the report play a crucial role in ensuring the integrity and truth of the financial statements. Their signatures show they are accountable and responsible for the financial statements and outcomes. Those who have signed the report might incur financial or legal ramifications if the financial figures have problems or anomalies. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 includes accountability to ensure that financial statements are accurate and shareholders are protected.
Intangible assets
Polaris Inc. did not list intangible assets on the balance sheet. However, the annual report stated that the company’s products are marketed under valuable trademarks. These trademarks include general, sportsman, Polaris, and ranger. Polaris Inc. considers its collective rights a valuable asset. The company has intangible assets such as its trademarks and patents. Organizations can utilize information about their intangible assets to assess their value and financial ability to implement and fund their innovation and expansion desires (Nickels et al., 2022). They can also use the information to evaluate possible mergers or acquisitions.
Lessons learned about the company’s current information.
Polaris Inc. has experienced significant growth over the past years. Numerous product launches and strong sales have caused the company’s upward trend. Analysis of Polaris Inc.’s financial statements indicates that the company’s sales and long-term assets have increased. However, they decreased from 2021 to 2022. Polaris Inc.’s net income also decreased from 2021 to 2022. Polaris stock is worth less because of the reduced net income and profitability.
Conclusion
Polaris Inc.’s stock value has decreased because the company has made lower sales and income than the previous year. An auditor should flag internal control weaknesses, material misstatements, and product liability in the annual report with “except.” Signatures in the management report assure the integrity and truth of Polaris Inc.’s financial information. The balance sheet should list Polaris Inc.’s intangible assets, such as trademarks.
References
Chopra, S., Andreas, I., Gee, S., Kolasi, I., Lhoste, S., & Neuwirth, B. (2019). Polaris Industries Inc. Kellogg School of Management Cases, 1-9. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/case.kellogg.2016.000260/full/
Karadjova, V., Blazheva, S., Nikolovski, P., Mircheska, K., & Malakovska, M. (2020). The Importance of Auditor’s Report. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR), 54(2), 174-180. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/337387664.pdf
Nickels, W. G., McHugh, J. M., & McHugh, S. M. (2022). Understanding business. McGraw-Hill. https://www.mheducation.com/highered/product/understanding-business-mchugh-mchugh/M9781260894851.html
Polaris Inc. (2024). Form 10-K 2022. United States Securities and Exchange Commission. (N.D.). Https://Www.Sec.Gov/Archives/Edgar/Data/931015/000162828023004043/Pii-20221231.Htm#Ie3fef337d51c434aa676bf802f036bef_70
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School of Engineering Technology
Senior Project
Instructor: XXXXXXXXX
Project Title: A Simple House Alarm System
Team Members:
Date:
Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 3 System Design 3 Hardware Description 4 Software Description 5 Implementation & Testing 6 Conclusion 7 References 7 Appendices 11 Appendix A: Block Diagram 11 Appendix B: Trade Studies- 12 Appendix C: Budget and Bill of Materials 14 Appendix D: Schedule/Gantt Chart 17 Appendix E: System and Code Flowcharts: 17 Appendix F: System Wiring Diagram: 19
Abstract
The project's main objective is to design and implement a simple house alarm system using the Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller. This system will enhance home security by detecting unauthorized entry through doors and windows and alerting homeowners through visual and auditory signals. The approach involves using magnetic reed switches for door sensors, PIR motion sensors for detecting movement, a keypad for system control, and an LCD and lights for status outputs.
Introduction
The proposed project addresses the need for a cost-effective and customizable home security solution. Traditional security systems can be expensive and inflexible, often requiring professional installation and maintenance. By utilizing the Arduino Mega 2560, an open-source platform, this project provides a DIY alternative that can be tailored to specific user needs and expanded with additional features such as camera integration and remote monitoring.
This project is significant as it addresses the gap in the market for affordable, customizable home security solutions. It also provides an educational opportunity for individuals interested in electronics and programming, offering hands-on experience building a functional security system. Existing research and projects in the DIY electronics community, such as those documented on platforms like Instructables and Arduino forums, highlight the potential for Arduino-based projects to offer practical solutions to everyday problems. However, many of these projects are either too complex for beginners or do not fully exploit the capabilities of the Arduino platform. Our project aims to bridge this gap by providing a comprehensive, easy-to-follow guide to building a simple yet effective house alarm system.
System Design
The proposed simple house alarm system is designed to enhance home security by monitoring entry points such as doors and windows using magnetic reed switches. The system is controlled through a keypad, allowing users to arm or disarm the system by entering a code. The status of the system (armed, disarmed, alarm triggered) is indicated through both visual (LED lights) and textual (LCD display) outputs. The system incorporates a delay feature for the door sensor, providing a grace period for entering the disarm code, while the window sensor triggers the alarm immediately upon breach.
Key Design Considerations:
· PIR Sensor: This sensor is used for detecting the opening of doors and windows.
· Keypad: Allows users to interact with the system by entering a code to arm or disarm the system.
· LED Lights: Serve as immediate visual indicators of the system's status (armed, disarmed, alarm).
· LCD Display: Provides detailed feedback, including a countdown timer for entering the disarm code and messages indicating the system's status.
· Arduino Mega 2560: Acts as the central processing unit, controlling the logic and responses of the system based on input from the sensors and keypad.
Hardware Description
Components:
· Arduino Mega 2560: Acts as the microcontroller, which can be defined as a compact integrated circuit whose main purpose is to manage a specified task within an embedded system [2]. It was chosen for its ample number of I/O pins, allowing for the connection of multiple sensors, the keypad, LEDs, and the LCD display without needing additional hardware.
· PIR sensor: A passive infrared sensor, also known as a PIR sensor, can be defined as a device which is utilized in order to detect motion through the method of receiving infrared radiation [3]. This is utilized for door and window sensors due to its simplicity and reliability in detecting open/close states.
· Keypad: A matrix keypad is used for code entry, minimizing the number of required pins by sharing connections among keys.
· LED Lights: These semiconductor devices, when energized with an electric current emit visible or infrared light [4]. Different colored LEDs are used in the system in order to indicate the system's status: green for disarmed, red for armed, and blinking red for alarm.
· LCD Display (16×2): A Liquid Crystal Display is a classification of flat panel display that utilizes liquid crystals in its main method of operation [5]. This is selected for its ability to display multiple lines of text, providing clear instructions and system status to the user.
· Buzzer: Acts as an audible alarm when the system is breached.
· Jumper Wires and Breadboard: For connecting components during the prototype phase.
· Resistors and Potentiometers: Resistors are electrical devices that control/limit the current flow within an electronic circuit [6]. Potentiometers are variable resistors (manually adjustable) that are equipped with 3 terminals [7]. These components are used for controlling LED brightness and LCD contrast.
Software Description
Software Components:
· Arduino IDE: Used for programming the Arduino Mega 2560.
· LiquidCrystal Library: Facilitates communication with the LCD display, allowing for text output.
· Keypad Library: Simplifies the process of reading inputs from the matrix keypad.
Code Flow:
· Initialization: Set up pins for input (sensors) and output (LEDs, LCD, buzzer), initialize the LCD, and display a welcome message.
· Arm/Disarm: Wait for user input on the keypad. If the correct arm code is entered, activate the sensors and indicate the system is armed. If the disarm code is entered, deactivate the sensors and indicate the system is disarmed.
· Sensor Monitoring: Continuously monitor the door and window sensors. If the door sensor is triggered, start a 15-second countdown on the LCD for the user to disarm the system. If the window sensor is triggered, immediately activate the alarm.
· Alarm: If the system is armed and a sensor is triggered without disarming, activate the buzzer and display an alarm message on the LCD.
· Code Entry Attempts: Allow up to three attempts to enter the correct disarm code. If exceeded, lock the system and require a reset.
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