Scientific Inquiry in Psychology
PSYC 3110 Scientific Inquiry in Psychology Homework 8 Instructions Answer the following short-answer questions. All answers should be in complete sentences and free from proofreading errors. You should not need more than a paragraph to answer each question. Remember that more isn’t necessarily better. Do not include the homework questions in your submission. Just give the question number and your answer. All sentences and ideas are assumed to be your own unless you cite your source. Using someone else’s work without attribution is plagiarism and will result in an F in the course. Please note that artificial intelligence is not permitted for this assignment. See the “Artificial Intelligence” section for more details. Questions 1. Use the scatterplot shown in Figure 1 to answer this question. a. Is the relationship between x and y positive, negative, zero, or curvilinear? Explain. b. What does the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) equal? Explain. c. Is the slope of the regression line positive, negative, or zero? Explain. 2. Use the scatterplot shown in Figure 2 to answer this question. 1 Figure 1: Figure for Question 1 -1 0 y 1 2 Scatterplot -2 -1 0 1 x Figure 2: Figure for Question 2 -2 -1 y 0 1 Scatterplot -2 -1 0 x 2 1 a. Is the relationship between x and y positive, negative, zero, or curvilinear? Explain. b. What does the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) equal? Explain. c. Is the slope of the regression line positive, negative, or zero? Explain. 3. Use the scatterplot shown in Figure 3 to answer this question. Figure 3: Figure for Question 3 -2 -1 0 y 1 2 3 Scatterplot -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 x a. Is the relationship between x and y positive, negative, zero, or curvilinear? Explain. b. What does the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) equal? Explain. c. Is the slope of the regression line positive, negative, or zero? Explain. d. Are participants who scored high on x and high on y shown in the top left, top right, bottom left, or bottom right of the scatterplot? e. Are participants who scored high on x and low on y shown in the top left, top right, bottom left, or bottom right of the scatterplot? 3 f. Are participants who scored low on x and low on y shown in the top left, top right, bottom left, or bottom right of the scatterplot? g. Are participants who scored low on x and high on y shown in the top left, top right, bottom left, or bottom right of the scatterplot? 4. Consider the following Pearson correlation coefficients: r = 0.5, r = 0.3, r = −0.4, and r = −0.9. Which of these r values represents the strongest relationship between x and y? Explain. 5. What are the criteria that must be met to establish a causal relationship between x and y? Explain each. Only one can always be met by a bivariate correlational study. Which one? Explain. A Note on Plagiarism You are assumed to be familiar with CSUB’s policy on academic integrity. Intentional or accidental violation of the policy constitutes academic dishonesty (cheating) and will result in an F in the course. Please never cheat—it is not worth it! Artificial Intelligence You are explicitly prohibited from using artificial intelligence, including tools like ChatGPT, to complete this assignment. Engaging in such practices would not only constitute academic dishonesty but also have severe academic consequences, including receiving a failing grade (F) for the course, being referred to the Dean of Students Office, and having a permanent mark attached to your academic record. While I cannot guarantee that I will detect every use of artificial intelligence, I urge you to consider the long-term effects and 4 ethical implications of dishonest behavior. Here are some compelling reasons why utilizing artificial intelligence in this course is counterproductive: • Learning opportunity: The homework assignments provide a low-stakes opportunity for you to identify your strengths and areas for improvement. Relying on artificial intelligence deprives you of this opportunity, leading to inadequate preparation for more significant assessments such as in-class quizzes, midterms, activities, and the final exam. • Inaccuracies: Artificial-intelligence tools may not provide accurate solutions to all of the complex problems covered in this course. Repetitive errors resembling artificial-intelligence-generated content will be considered a violation of CSUB’s policy on academic integrity. • Synonyms and terminology: Artificial intelligence often uses various synonyms for research-methods terms. Using terminology not covered in the course material may indicate artificial-intelligence use or unauthorized external sources (remember that all external sources utilized must be appropriately cited). These guidelines sound harsh, although that is not my intention. I am committed to your education: I sincerely want you to gain the skills required by this class (and which you will need for your upper-division psychology courses). To that end, the ban on artificial intelligence is necessary. If you have 5 any questions, please do not hesitate to get in touch. Email: [email protected] Text: 302-219-4752 Acceptable File Formats This assignment must be completed electronically using a text-based file format. Because I am blind, there are limitations imposed on me by the screen-reading software I use. Pictures are completely inaccessible, so do not write your answers by hand and take a picture. Instead, type your answers in a word processor and submit that file. The following file formats are permissible: doc, docx, rtf, txt, and pages. Note that pdf files will not be accepted. Submission Requirements This assignment must be submitted on Canvas by 11:59 P.M. on Sunday, April 7, 2024. Late submissions will not be accepted. Canvas is unforgiving, so make sure you give yourself plenty of time to submit—that is, don’t wait until the last minute. If you submit at 12:00 A.M. instead of 11:59 P.M., Canvas will not allow you to upload your assignment. 6
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