Citations: At least two high-level scholarly reference in APA per post from within the last 5 years

Peer Responses:

Reflect to another journal reading

Citations: At least two high-level scholarly reference in APA per post from within the last 5 years

• To provide ethical care, it is imperative to explain the risks and benefits of each method to this particular patient. The following discussion includes 3 different contraceptive methods, including their indications, contraindications, risks and benefits. We decided to utilize non-oral contraceptive options in the scenario due to concerns and risks associated with oral contraceptives, as well as the inconvenience of using them for a mother of three.
• A. Intrauterine Devices (IUD’s)

As a prevention of unintended pregnancy, intrauterine devices are implanted by a trained healthcare provider without anesthesia in an office that does not require women to exert any effort following intercourse. In addition to hormonal IUDs, there are also non-hormonal IUDs like copper IUDs, which contain progestin in different amounts depending on the manufacturer. With 1.5 women per 1000 resulting in unintended pregnancy, hormonal IUDs contain progestin, which last approximately 3–5 years. As examples of levonorgestrel IUDs, Mirena, Liletta, and Kyleena are recommended for patients who have heavy bleeding (menorrhagia) since they thin the endometrium and reduce such symptoms (Cash & Glass, 2020). Occasionally, patients will experience a dramatic decrease in months, and sometimes even cease to experience it altogether. The disadvantages of hormonal IUDs include expulsion within the first 3 months, infection, perforation, ectopic pregnancy, SA and breakthrough bleeding (in low progesterone IUDs). IUDs that do not contain hormones, such as the ParaGard copper intrauterine device, work for a decade and have similar benefits to hormonal IUDs, except that copper IUDs may increase menstrual bleeding temporarily after implantation, but typically return to normal after a few weeks or months (Myo & Nguyen, 2023). Women over 35 can effectively control their birth with IUDs, which have minimal side effects and don’t require daily maintenance.

B. Progestin Implant

Subdermal implants like Nexplanon last up to three years, provide an alternative to estrogen-containing medications for patients who cannot use them, and require no care other than replacement when necessary once implanted. There is no risk associated with implantable devices, but they can cause irregular bleeding while they are implanted (Rocca et al., 2021). They are contraindicated in patients with a history of DVT, clotting disorders, liver disease, breast cancer, or menorrhagia of unknown origin.

C. Tubal Ligation

In both men and women, surgical sterilization is very safe, very effective and permanent without any medical disqualifications, except allergies to the materials used. Surgery has the advantage of permanent results for both men and women, and it is highly successful with 1 in 1000 pregnancies after vasectomy and 5 in 1000 after BTL. Both procedures have disadvantages, including surgery and the possibility that insurance companies may not cover them. If a woman becomes pregnant after BTL, she may also experience an ectopic pregnancy (Cash & Glass, 2020).

For patients to make solid informed decisions, it is imperative that care is provided by a provider who is skilled and knowledgeable in providing quality, evidence-based healthcare. The patient also needs to understand the risks and benefits, and the provider needs to keep their own health in mind.