Business & the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
What are the Sustainable Development Goals?
Why are they important?
What is the role for business in achieving the SDGs?
What are the current practices adopted by businesses?
What next for SDGs & business?
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Background
The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 to promote peace & cooperation between nations
It is made up of 193 member states
Due to the powers vested in its Charter and its unique international character, the UN can take action on important issues e.g. peace & security, climate change, sustainable development, human rights, disarmament, terrorism, humanitarian and health emergencies, gender equality, governance, food production, etc.
UN & Development
At the beginning of the new millennium, world leaders gathered at the UN to shape a broad vision to fight poverty in its many dimensions.
That vision was translated into eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and remained the overarching global development framework until the target date of 2015
It was an ambitious vision..
Effectiveness of MDGs?
There is no consensus on whether the MDGs were successful, or the extent to which they were successful (if at all) but some concerns/problems are known
e.g. there was no performance-assessment system, and wider problems with weak governance and mismanagement were said to have interfered with their effective implementation
Particular countries faced different issues e.g. Oleribe and Taylor-Robinson tell us that: “although significant progress has been made worldwide, Nigeria is lagging behind for a variety of reasons, including bureaucracy, poor resource management in the healthcare system, sequential healthcare worker industrial action, Boko Haram insurgency in the north of Nigeria & kidnappings in the south of Nigeria” (2016: 156)
The MDGs were also criticized for not harnessing the potential of the private sector
2015 Re-evaluation and new development agenda
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a plan of action for people, planet and prosperity
It includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 targets to demonstrate the scale/ambition of the new universal Agenda
See https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1&Lang=E
Purpose of the 2030 Agenda
The SDGs build on the MDGs and seek to complete what these did not achieve
To stimulate action in areas of critical importance for humanity and the planet
To have integrated/indivisible approach balancing the 3 dimensions of sustainable development (economic, social & environmental)
To identify and aim to address most significant challenges facing society; pledge that “no-one will be left behind”
5Ps – People, Planet, Peace, Prosperity, Partnership
Preamble of the Agenda
https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1&Lang=E
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5 Ps & 17 SDGs (Van Tulder 2018)
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The 2030 Agenda: key characteristics
This is an Agenda of unprecedented scope/significance. It is accepted by all countries and is applicable to all, taking into account different national realities, capacities and levels of development and respecting national policies and priorities. These are universal goals and targets which involve the entire world, developed and developing countries alike. (Para 5)
Sustainable development recognizes that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, combating inequality within and among countries, preserving the planet, creating sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth and fostering social inclusion are linked to each other and are interdependent (Para 13)
Never before have world leaders pledged common action and endeavour across such a broad and universal policy agenda (Para 18)
SDGs & the 2030 Agenda : what role for business?
All countries and all stakeholders, acting in collaborative partnership, will implement this plan (Preamble)
We acknowledge the role of the diverse private sector, ranging from micro-enterprises to cooperatives to multinationals, and that of civil society organizations and philanthropic organizations in the implementation of the new Agenda (para 41)
Private business activity, investment and innovation are major drivers of productivity, inclusive economic growth and job creation. We acknowledge the diversity of the private sector, ranging from micro-enterprises to cooperatives to multinationals. We call upon all businesses to apply their creativity and innovation to solving sustainable development challenges… (Para 67)
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SDGs: The business potential to deliver
Corporations have the ability to scale activities across sectors, borders and products
They are able to innovate through their ability and willingness to take risk
Companies are large investors in technology
Corporations create jobs, products and services
Due to their often very powerful positions in networks/sectors, they can be a barrier to change if they are not involved
They can mobilise sizable and timely financial resources
They create efficiency, stimulated by competition, thus enabling cheaper solutions for existing products and services
They have various sizes and therefore strengths. Size matters in various ways: big companies are often more able to innovate and scale, smaller companies are better able to flexibly respond to short-term challenges
Source: Van Tulder 2018
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But can business really be a development actor?..
Carving out of a role for the private sector in addressing the SDGs does not challenge the mechanisms which created inequalities/underdevelopment in the first place. The structural causes of poverty, patterns of distributions and structural inequality remain unaddressed
Before big business can truly be a partner in development alongside NGOs, donors and governments, its role in violence/corruption/inequality must be acknowledged & dealt with
There is a clash between the dominant business model, which is based upon short-term planning with a narrow focus on finances, and a longer-term sustainable development agenda. For some businesses there is an inability to move beyond the business case and sustainability is just an ‘add-on’. There is a lack of coherence in business approaches and a focus on core, profit-driven business objectives. Often these objectives or the consequent models they adopt end up working against the sustainable development agenda
Source: Scheyvens et al. 2016
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KPMG’s survey suggests the UN SDGs have resonated strongly with business since their launch in 2015. As a result, their influence on reporting has increased significantly between 2017 and 2020
(NB The N100 refers to a worldwide sample of 4,900 companies comprising the top 100 companies by revenue in each of the 49 countries researched in KPMG’s study and the G250 refers to the world’s 250 largest companies by revenue based on the Fortune 500 ranking of 2016)
Source: https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/xx/pdf/2020/11/the-time-has-come.pdf
Current trends and practices
https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/xx/pdf/2020/11/the-time-has-come.pdf
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Which SDGs are businesses working on?
https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/sustainability/SDG/sdg-2019.pdf
https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/xx/pdf/2020/11/the-time-has-come.pdf
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… but we do need to be wary regarding corporate reporting
The Guardian 17/02/2022
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Concluding thoughts/questions
Can companies reconcile corporate impacts on people, planet and prosperity with satisfying their fundamental mission to achieve profit and shareholder returns?
SDGs are becoming increasingly important for businesses to pay attention – however, the focus so far has remained on large companies. How will/should small companies incorporate and address SDGs remains to be seen
With only 6 years to go to the 2030 agenda – what should the role of business be? What is still achievable within this timeframe?
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