work sheet
Lab 4: DNA Name: ___________________________________ Lab Day/Time: ________________ Questions Where should I write my answers to each question? Your answer Please write all of your answers inside the box to the right of the question Part A: Tour of Basic Genetics Go to https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/ to complete the following questions. Links to specific sections are under each header. Be sure to watch each short video (most are less than 2 minutes) What are Traits? https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/traits/ Questions 1. Some traits are inherited, and some are shaped by ____________: 2. Most traits are influenced by both _______________________: 3. Why do children look more like their parents than their grandparents? Your answer What are DNA and Genes? https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/dna Questions 4. The letters of the four nucleotide bases are: 5. Approximately how many genes does a human have? 6. A gene is a set of instructions for building _____________: 7. A genome is a set of instructions for building _____________: Your answer What is Inheritance? https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/inheritance/ Questions 8. “When living things reproduce, they pass ___________ to their offspring.” Your answer 9. Each of us has how many copies of every gene? 10. “The combined output from all of our genes influences our __________.” 11. A genome is a set of instructions for building: What is a Mutation? https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/mutation/ Questions 12. The differences in our genes come about through a natural process called _____________: 13. What is significant about mutations that occur in cells that give rise to egg and sperm? 14. “Each one of us has about _____ new variations that were not present in our parents.” Your answer Part B: Can DNA Demand a Verdict? http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/science/forensics/ Questions Your answer 15. Forensic DNA evidence was first used in a U.S. Courtroom in what year? 16. What percent of your DNA is unique between any two individuals? 17. DNA is often left behind at a crime scene. List four things that might contain DNA. 18. What does the “Innocence Project” attempt to do? Part C: Transcribe and Translate a Gene https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/txtl/ Questions 19. Where does DNA transcription take place? 20. The two structures that facilitate the translation of mRNA are ________________ and tRNA. 21. In mRNA, which nucleotide base takes the place of Thymine (T)? 22. Groups of 3 nucleotides that code for a particular amino acid are called ________________. Your answer The “Universal Genetic Code” describes the unique sequence of nucleotide bases that will make each Amino Acid. (Amino Acids are often abbreviated. For example, Leucine is abbreviated to Leu and Serine to Ser.) HINT: Use the image below to answer the following questions. Questions 23. What sequence of nucleotides will make the amino acid Tryptophan (Trp)? 24. Which three letter code of nucleotides “starts” translation? 25. Once the amino acids are joined together, they fold into a structure called a ______________. Your answer
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