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Another student discussion:

• Discuss Erickson`s developmental stages using the case study provided. 
• The Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development incorporates the impact of external factors, society and parents on personality development from childhood to adulthood. The theory incorporates eight main stages which every individual must go through the cycle (White, 2019).

Infancy: Birth-18 months old- It is the firsts stage and occurs during the first and second year of life. It focuses on the mother and father nurturing capacity and care of the child especially based on touch and contact

Toddler/Early Childhood years: 18 months to 3 years – It is the second stage and occurs between 18 months to 3 years. The child has an opportunity to build self-esteem and autonomy as she learns new skills and discern right from wrong (White, 2019).

• Pre-schooler: 3 to 5 years – The period involves copying adults around and create initiative through play situations. Children make up stories with Ken’s and Barbie’s, miniature cars and toy phones 

School Age: 6 to 12 years – The stage is also known as latency where children are capable of learning and accomplishing various new knowledge and skills thus developing a sense of industry 

Adolescent: 12 to 18 years – It is the fifth stage where development is based what is done to the individual. The child has to struggle to discover and find their identity. Often children struggle with social interactions and try to fit in (White, 2019).

Young adult: 18 to 35 – The young adult in this stage seeks companionship and love. Some begin to settle down and begin families

Middle aged adult: 35 to 55 – The main issue involves work and career along with families. People begin taking greater responsibility and control

Late Adult: 55 to death – The stage involves major reflection as they look back of their lives. People often feel contentment and fulfilment.

Discuss, in your own words, why theories of development are essential.

The development theories are crucial since they seek to explain human life from beginning to death (White, 2019). These theories explain each development stage and how best to align with developmental needs. 

Give an example of child behavior during each stage of Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development. 

The Freud’s psychosexual stages of development include oral, anal, phallic, latent and genital stages. The oral stage the rooting and sucking reflex is crucial since pleasure is derived from oral stimulation. In the anal stage the primary objective is libido involving controlling of bladder and bowel movements. In the phallic stage the main objective is libido is on the genitals where children discern the difference between men and women (White, 2019). The latent stage children develop social value, skills and relationships with friends and adults beyond family members. The genital stage the children develop a strong sexual interest in the opposite sex. 

According to Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development, in what stage are you? Do you believe you are facing the challenge described by Erikson? Why or Why not?

• According to Erikson theory I am in the young adult phase. As explained by Erikson I am struggling to seek companionship and love (Baltes, 2019). I am looking forward to settle down and start a family. 

How do the theories of Bandura, Erikson, and Freud differ? 

Freud believes that personality is shaped only in childhood. Erikson proposes that personality development occurs all through the lifespan. Bandura on the other hand believe that children imitate, observe and model the behaviours and reactions of others as a technique of learning (Baltes, 2019).

• Compare and contrast Piaget and Vygotsky’s theories. Which theory do you believe more likely explains child cognitive development?

According to Piaget’s thesis, language is not important to a child’s development; rather, it is a passive reflection of the child’s current stage, which is acquired through inquiry and discovery. Vygotsky argues that language is one of the primary cultural instruments that can be utilized for information transfer and communication (Baltes, 2019). Later on, language is internalized and helps kids develop their own reasoning skills.