A 48-year-old executive, who is previously healthy, presents to his primary care physician with left-sided flank pain that he describes

A 48-year-old executive, who is previously healthy, presents to his primary care physician with left-sided flank pain that he describes as gnawing and aching. His vital signs are normal. He finds it difficult to describe where the pain radiates, and holds his left flank, but says it hurts all over his left abdomen. He is restless and cannot find a comfortable position. Which of the following is most likely the cause of his symptoms? He has referred pain from a myocardial infarction or pleurisy. He has parietal pain due to bleeding from a ruptured aortic aneurysm. He has parietal pain from nephrolithiasis (kidney stone) distending the proximal urethra. He has visceral pain from nephrolithiasis (kidney stone) distending the proximal urethra. He has visceral pain due to bleeding from a ruptured aortic aneurysm.