Theories of developmental psychology
PSY 650 Midterm Exam: Questions and Answers
- Compare and contrast the different theories of developmental psychology on these controversies of the field: a) nature vs. nurture, b) continuity vs. discontinuity, and c) stability vs. change.
- Compare and contrast behavioral, social-cognitive, and cognitive theories of development.
- Discuss how an experiment allows us to draw cause-and-effect conclusions, whereas non-experimental techniques do not.
- Explain how two brown-eyed parents can produce a blue-eyed child.
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- Using ethological theory, explain why insecurely attached babies will probably have more relationship problems in life compared to securely attached children.
- Compare and contrast Piaget’s first three stages of cognitive development.
- Use Baumrind’s theory to show how parenting styles and discipline intersect.
- Compare and contrast how preschoolers and school-aged children cope with divorce. Examine the best options for custody.
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ADDITIONAL INFO
Theories of developmental psychology
Introduction
Developmental psychology is the study of how humans grow and develop. It involves both biological and environmental factors, such as nutrition, health, and family environment. In this article we will explore some of the most popular theories of developmental psychology: classical conditioning, operant conditioning and social learning theory.
Classical conditioning
Classical conditioning is a learning process in which a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US). The CS becomes associated with the US, and then when it occurs without the US present, it elicits the same response as when it was paired with the original US. This can be seen as a sort of Pavlovian loop—the dog learns that food will follow bell ringing by being exposed to both stimuli at once; however, only one situation has been conditioned – namely his association between hearing “bell” followed by receiving food pellets.
Operant conditioning
Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which a behavior is strengthened or weakened according to its consequences. This can be applied to both human and animal behavior, although it’s most often used with humans because they’re much more complex.
The idea behind operant conditioning is that you create an incentive for your child’s actions by rewarding them when they do something good and punishing them when they do something wrong. You may think of this as bribery: if your kid does well in school, give them an ice cream! But an even easier way than bribery is what happens when we don’t want our kids doing something bad—we just want them not doing it anymore (for example, “Stop eating those cookies!”). In this case, the punishment isn’t necessarily physical but simply telling your child “no.”
Social learning theory
Social learning theory is a theory of learning that focuses on the importance of social reinforcement. Learning occurs when we observe others’ behavior and try to reproduce it, or copy it. This can be done through imitation or observation, which are both forms of social interaction where people learn from each other.
This theory was proposed by Albert Bandura in his article “Theory-Oriented Analysis of Human Agency”, which he published in 1958. He argued that children learn through their interactions with others (including parents) as well as from what they see happening around them at home or school during playtime etc…
Takeaway:
In this section, we’ll take a look at some of the most important theories in developmental psychology. Classical conditioning is a way that you can learn your behavior through association with something else. Operant conditioning is how you learn to repeat behaviors because they’re rewarding. Social learning theory helps explain how people develop social skills and norms by observing others around them and imitating their actions or words.
Conclusion
Developmental psychology is a fascinating subject that can help us understand ourselves and the world around us. It’s also a really interesting topic to explore with your child, especially if they’re young! Theories of developmental psychology are useful for both parents and teachers alike as they can provide insight into how children think and learn.
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