Theories and models within the field of public health
Week 2 Discussion
DQ1
Present one theory or model within the field of public health which describes either how people maintain health and/or how illness is caused? Presentation of the theory or model may be submitted in graphic or narrative format. Even if this is not your personal viewpoint/belief, how can these multiple theories and models be beneficial to public health professionals? It is not appropriate to repeat one that has already been posted unless you are providing new information. Review all peer submissions and become familiar with the multiple theories and models. Respond to three peers’s posts asking any questions or verifying your analysis of the theory/model.
ADDITIONAL DETAILS
Theories and models within the field of public health
Introduction
Public health is a broad field that explores the relationship between environment, health and behaviors. It’s a fascinating topic to study because it encompasses so many different areas of research, including epidemiology, psychology, sociology and economics. While there are many different theories about how to approach public health problems or even how diseases spread (and some very specific ways in which they do), most theories and models within this area share several key elements:
Precaution Adoption Model
The theory of precaution adoption is a model that attempts to explain why people adopt safety measures. This model was developed by Michael Kremer and David Levine, who studied the adoption of seat belt laws in the United States between 1982 and 1990. They found that when people hear about an injury or death caused by not wearing a seatbelt, they are more likely to comply with this law than if there had been no such news coverage.
The following table outlines the stages of this theory:
Protection motivation theory
Protection motivation theory is a model that explains why people make decisions about risk. It suggests that people are motivated to reduce the severity of their negative outcomes, and this motivation can be influenced by how they perceive the risk being faced.
For example, if you’re told you might die from a disease like cancer or heart disease, then this may lead you to become less willing to take action on your own behalf when it comes time for treatment (e.g., surgery). This is because treating yourself could put yourself at greater risk than others who aren’t as sick—and therefore may result in more severe negative outcomes than if someone else treated them instead!
In contrast, when faced with less drastic threats like getting splashed by water while bathing or falling off your bike while riding through puddles during rainstorms instead makes sense: these events will likely cause little harm compared with those listed above so there should be no need for concern about immediate harm coming from any actions taken within such situations.”
Health belief model
The health belief model (HBM) is a widely used theory in public health. It was developed by Albert Bandura, and it describes how people make decisions about their health. The HBM is a model that explains how people form their beliefs about various topics, such as exercise and smoking. It also explains why certain behaviors occur, even if they’re not necessarily good for you or society at large.
The HBM consists of three stages: stage 1—perceived susceptibility; stage 2—self-efficacy beliefs; and stage 3—behavioral intention formation (BOMF). These stages are what lead you from being healthy to actually being sick or dying.
Theory of planned behavior
The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is a well-known theory used to explain why people do or don’t do certain things. It was developed by Eric Erikson and Robert Cialdini in the 1970s, but it has been used in many other fields besides psychology over the years.
The TPB states that people make decisions about their health behaviors not based on what they think will happen but rather based on how they feel about the decision itself. If you are trying to lose weight, for example, you may decide that your best option is dieting and exercising because these two things make you feel good about yourself – which makes them easier choices than simply cutting down on foods or working out at home alone each day when everyone else leaves early from work because they have nothing better planned than sitting at home watching TV all evening long!
Stages of change
The Stages of Change Model
The Stages of Change Model is a theory that helps us understand how people move from one stage to another. It explains how we can change our behaviors and attitudes, as well as how quickly we can do so. The stages are:
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Precontemplation: This stage describes people who have not thought about changing their behavior at all yet or have considered doing so but haven’t made a plan for doing so yet. They may not have any knowledge about the topic or topic area being discussed in class, nor do they think that it’s important enough for them to make changes right now (e.g., saving money).
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Contemplation: This stage describes people who’ve decided that healthful changes need to be made within their lives but don’t yet know exactly what those will look like or how long it will take until they’re actually able to implement those changes effectively into their daily routine (e.g., eating more fruits & vegetables instead of junk food whenever possible).
Social cognitive theory
Social cognitive theory is based on the idea that people learn by observing and imitating the behavior of others. It’s also based on Bandura’s social learning theory, which explains how people learn new behaviors. The theory was developed to explain how people learn new behaviors, including health-related ones such as smoking cessation or healthy eating habits.
Social cognitive theory states that behavior is learned through observation and imitation of others; it’s an example of social learning because it involves another person in order for you to change your own behavior (this means you can’t do anything alone). In other words: if you see someone doing something well—whether it’s wearing their seatbelt or taking medication every day—you will want to try doing it yourself too!
Theories and models are useful for framing how to look at a problem.
Theories and models are useful for framing how to look at a problem. They can help you understand the underlying causes of an issue and make decisions about what solutions are most effective.
However, they’re not the same thing: while a theory is an explanation of why something happens, a model describes how it works or why it happens (for example, one model might analyze behavior with health consequences).
Conclusion
Public health is a field that has many theories and models to help us understand how people behave when they’re making decisions about their health. The theories we discussed in this article are just some of the ones out there, but they all serve different purposes and have different implications for public health policy. We hope you were able to learn more about how these theories apply to real life scenarios where people make choices about whether or not they want something risky or unhealthy for themselves or others around them.
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